tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1787020574983036142024-03-05T10:47:26.822-08:00IARC- First YearChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.comBlogger120125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-60317076280603610672009-05-12T08:18:00.000-07:002009-05-12T08:30:01.173-07:00Drafting Portfolio: 2nd Half<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixaaerAMSlv6gv2UMg-9w97LoqVMQqqn8nVsZPmLW2Mj3zB7i08d-5f-Ku1aMslLqU3XZ_-Au94HFz3d8ZLeNHxY5B-42a8yeWgscLVL_rjvqGoaOk8zSPXZcnwjfcCQLFIRFP9tKmEVgY/s1600-h/IMG_0517.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixaaerAMSlv6gv2UMg-9w97LoqVMQqqn8nVsZPmLW2Mj3zB7i08d-5f-Ku1aMslLqU3XZ_-Au94HFz3d8ZLeNHxY5B-42a8yeWgscLVL_rjvqGoaOk8zSPXZcnwjfcCQLFIRFP9tKmEVgY/s320/IMG_0517.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334959679341323970" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Model [Sacred Space]: Meditation</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKysF5TCE2-Gs_7TP6nOSFtsSGfQZnLXrjwbP9sAatG5EJm1eJU0CI8Y_HeTVqgBsFv4-4lnbMpsP9OYXE-CNvB6cNhlyg2ORE0iIW843_rOyvKvi_lB2WUvTajptugzmnGpsVrfgJ_sjd/s1600-h/IMG_0512.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKysF5TCE2-Gs_7TP6nOSFtsSGfQZnLXrjwbP9sAatG5EJm1eJU0CI8Y_HeTVqgBsFv4-4lnbMpsP9OYXE-CNvB6cNhlyg2ORE0iIW843_rOyvKvi_lB2WUvTajptugzmnGpsVrfgJ_sjd/s320/IMG_0512.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334959680856296418" /></a><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><div style="text-align: center;"> Model [Sacred Space]: Celebration<br /></div></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ66zxIHlX3jcSV0htFwLkvJt35ZD1B1V7aRYLzJwWaKfLZrL4SUyxgfXLDyK1aZIMZYP8uY_fYsqBt5ZKRzFPQK7xcK2zQlGEJq0eAQ_q9TO-_mgkPksdFSaRtbm_7qXK8oUn-CMMqQ5x/s1600-h/IMG_0572.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ66zxIHlX3jcSV0htFwLkvJt35ZD1B1V7aRYLzJwWaKfLZrL4SUyxgfXLDyK1aZIMZYP8uY_fYsqBt5ZKRzFPQK7xcK2zQlGEJq0eAQ_q9TO-_mgkPksdFSaRtbm_7qXK8oUn-CMMqQ5x/s320/IMG_0572.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334959675015613986" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sketch Up View #8</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4m7hHRaMDaigj_eC2HRRblWbigU3m1LfrOVd11OKkpWZE_2b-9rqe-FdiSHUSNmlUU8WI4mK5cKP3fHilgzFumkmSqAqwb4Gdu9dfnILQsNODlFEZrHYErDsLFuWXQoEBj1f95FPBcrBx/s1600-h/IMG_0571.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4m7hHRaMDaigj_eC2HRRblWbigU3m1LfrOVd11OKkpWZE_2b-9rqe-FdiSHUSNmlUU8WI4mK5cKP3fHilgzFumkmSqAqwb4Gdu9dfnILQsNODlFEZrHYErDsLFuWXQoEBj1f95FPBcrBx/s320/IMG_0571.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334959379698228658" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sketch Up View #7</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizWBxyO1ZYJJwOyi2q23c1OY9vw4ORRHn7j3mGMxMDNZS9moayu4Ll1OEoT0nN-tFbU7M9Cezpk3A1kA50F2gAFkgDDkaqMSg77a-eKcuhPHmcxsg-K8iBJLI7Tfobl-JNnLp05enmAhks/s1600-h/IMG_0570.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizWBxyO1ZYJJwOyi2q23c1OY9vw4ORRHn7j3mGMxMDNZS9moayu4Ll1OEoT0nN-tFbU7M9Cezpk3A1kA50F2gAFkgDDkaqMSg77a-eKcuhPHmcxsg-K8iBJLI7Tfobl-JNnLp05enmAhks/s320/IMG_0570.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334959376677194786" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sketch Up View #6</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgveubeNscl20zOuWAS218gwBv-0zD4XU-V1ENuLringvuDp5Nzffv_0qjuAM3aqOhPAIpWcHlHycagl4qvM7NZRvtS-OtoiyQ79PxcVTIU3Bc6w2dqp8K5WjV78S1KRw80JjXemf9PQVER/s1600-h/IMG_0569.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgveubeNscl20zOuWAS218gwBv-0zD4XU-V1ENuLringvuDp5Nzffv_0qjuAM3aqOhPAIpWcHlHycagl4qvM7NZRvtS-OtoiyQ79PxcVTIU3Bc6w2dqp8K5WjV78S1KRw80JjXemf9PQVER/s320/IMG_0569.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334959372810304050" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sketch Up View #5</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWxRpvFMyquiK2_VKcNyXKNCITE-obt9OjuDWNaz9NJoEMafkGWBjodUrLNVwKrAYYu9AcnuDJOB0UjEv0AUcYnNDbS9VXdeyp6IlALk4Ry3k4_NtDTTrCgMkTe_2HPoKQ8E5LOYZcbLho/s1600-h/IMG_0568.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWxRpvFMyquiK2_VKcNyXKNCITE-obt9OjuDWNaz9NJoEMafkGWBjodUrLNVwKrAYYu9AcnuDJOB0UjEv0AUcYnNDbS9VXdeyp6IlALk4Ry3k4_NtDTTrCgMkTe_2HPoKQ8E5LOYZcbLho/s320/IMG_0568.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334959369796830114" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sketch Up View #4</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz7kstctkWC-I6EIvLb6nU02Hmd37czTNRUvqN6OdVfVdJIoS0h9-vMuiZ2dLt8uIwb16_PXyQ2Eq9Z68ajKsUnK33NnaYDIRdmFbMOPj2J-xtRRMPPLTsEaFFWNpO0222ZgbEIQJyrnvU/s1600-h/IMG_0567.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 256px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz7kstctkWC-I6EIvLb6nU02Hmd37czTNRUvqN6OdVfVdJIoS0h9-vMuiZ2dLt8uIwb16_PXyQ2Eq9Z68ajKsUnK33NnaYDIRdmFbMOPj2J-xtRRMPPLTsEaFFWNpO0222ZgbEIQJyrnvU/s320/IMG_0567.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334959364854021506" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sketch Up View #3</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMGYP6DUS1crzCujo_CpAVjsnBIpm08NLh_gDU-g4ex47F2l2158XTtSuoxhgm6TutLmWmcyHJcLc1FubPp0fShFrv-v0j8-ZmL1uHstyeAO0vZoqT4WHQrzdkMsJKd-rxw5GbiW7Hrxqs/s1600-h/IMG_0566.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMGYP6DUS1crzCujo_CpAVjsnBIpm08NLh_gDU-g4ex47F2l2158XTtSuoxhgm6TutLmWmcyHJcLc1FubPp0fShFrv-v0j8-ZmL1uHstyeAO0vZoqT4WHQrzdkMsJKd-rxw5GbiW7Hrxqs/s320/IMG_0566.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334958568794035058" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sketch Up View #2</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitD8UYdOTerd5Rb8lZqQ4TPhpA2NP-sg_AdI7oKIE5QY33uHEOFRSbOHHQ6MSeDBTqVzKOqCP2Bh6RQ-wp8CqZatARkCunVT1CDjw3z2Mfv4RO_QHq4aFhf21BfqXuBMjSV6ePlx6Aq_Vk/s1600-h/IMG_0565.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitD8UYdOTerd5Rb8lZqQ4TPhpA2NP-sg_AdI7oKIE5QY33uHEOFRSbOHHQ6MSeDBTqVzKOqCP2Bh6RQ-wp8CqZatARkCunVT1CDjw3z2Mfv4RO_QHq4aFhf21BfqXuBMjSV6ePlx6Aq_Vk/s320/IMG_0565.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334958564237845106" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sketch Up View #1</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2e7_8OsanDBn71gY1K4xV0XnfxhRo9z-HyGFaOAm_K457iIh-gE38yh6kg3Vs-bC-5yJO7BBgZbbrgGMDHDPG8bWkaM0wiC9ncirkdoEO8zOLJ5qY8KiWNNntTeuBezw2Hrs67J-oAfqE/s1600-h/IMG_0564.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 230px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2e7_8OsanDBn71gY1K4xV0XnfxhRo9z-HyGFaOAm_K457iIh-gE38yh6kg3Vs-bC-5yJO7BBgZbbrgGMDHDPG8bWkaM0wiC9ncirkdoEO8zOLJ5qY8KiWNNntTeuBezw2Hrs67J-oAfqE/s320/IMG_0564.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334958560660747122" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Axonometric Projection Lettering Quiz</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxo-0BSKZztcLx6ewm9RR09d5-2wiBhyE5BqHwIcLPX7bzq7vWtf1nH8vUuf2rtUZfhAkLvFWqKYG_ZLuD9pyGDpXcpuLWIE9gjaHOMwY4Xhl6UbVaOBQHNWRIgbDD0-df7Wb6lrCB2hzD/s1600-h/IMG_0563.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 193px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxo-0BSKZztcLx6ewm9RR09d5-2wiBhyE5BqHwIcLPX7bzq7vWtf1nH8vUuf2rtUZfhAkLvFWqKYG_ZLuD9pyGDpXcpuLWIE9gjaHOMwY4Xhl6UbVaOBQHNWRIgbDD0-df7Wb6lrCB2hzD/s320/IMG_0563.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334958550859839458" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Rendered Section of Sacred Space</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizn-7r4QovFqaPfKVTt9TbgpLdSkX8R7Xhyphenhyphen63AHtXTobKLy2dh1giSEvUBb7gVwUlHXOlQsbcIpkMS5WzV8nh6xuDHRMnSBoWT2FHFABZbCn7cYkYcW13EV8lWbkvAzg5cxWHW-j9252Qj/s1600-h/IMG_0562.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizn-7r4QovFqaPfKVTt9TbgpLdSkX8R7Xhyphenhyphen63AHtXTobKLy2dh1giSEvUBb7gVwUlHXOlQsbcIpkMS5WzV8nh6xuDHRMnSBoWT2FHFABZbCn7cYkYcW13EV8lWbkvAzg5cxWHW-j9252Qj/s320/IMG_0562.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334958551264372706" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Rendered Section of Sacred Space</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjuk46OZocfcv1LfcTACMFtJ1HP0icJwL8pqgaERqe2QSb5xU81fJ-5AzMVQgjXVvECnyD-twqRBMrlN6bEMIpWcE2cxJaMgZCFE433GMcQVohI4Zy218TDHsj7SOvJSIgvDfKNwdsSnD4/s1600-h/IMG_0561.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 269px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjuk46OZocfcv1LfcTACMFtJ1HP0icJwL8pqgaERqe2QSb5xU81fJ-5AzMVQgjXVvECnyD-twqRBMrlN6bEMIpWcE2cxJaMgZCFE433GMcQVohI4Zy218TDHsj7SOvJSIgvDfKNwdsSnD4/s320/IMG_0561.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957807564052722" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Rendered Plan of Sacred Space</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjt8a3zjD87pbmJiXAMk-SWtEvmYqZ9768_kgBtG6CmGqkoAIr5dgAlrz7JiTbsNCiUd5V8n3KkkPl-0OF18MR21afd6KeE5UpCdleOIEVkjSM4wdTzzoz5Cm6T3_9TslEUqTv0doH4xvs/s1600-h/IMG_0560.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjt8a3zjD87pbmJiXAMk-SWtEvmYqZ9768_kgBtG6CmGqkoAIr5dgAlrz7JiTbsNCiUd5V8n3KkkPl-0OF18MR21afd6KeE5UpCdleOIEVkjSM4wdTzzoz5Cm6T3_9TslEUqTv0doH4xvs/s320/IMG_0560.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957800489075442" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sections of Gatewood 118 and 120</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQB_jXc3z8uh1rdfS4KRcG4FrE1wXdBO2WP1IpTwDQq3ulYZvCmsDcPVQJxUC1hsCagqve4Vcc3lkzQDWjd_bAgLuLNU1EKSm3pNJYhp3BhFo6LfVfXKT-Y8-Lu-H3L_Q87_7xfdtkiXFc/s1600-h/IMG_0559.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQB_jXc3z8uh1rdfS4KRcG4FrE1wXdBO2WP1IpTwDQq3ulYZvCmsDcPVQJxUC1hsCagqve4Vcc3lkzQDWjd_bAgLuLNU1EKSm3pNJYhp3BhFo6LfVfXKT-Y8-Lu-H3L_Q87_7xfdtkiXFc/s320/IMG_0559.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957798345572242" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sections of Gatewood 118 & 120</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5-qCKH1WwBXCF_f3TiWeB3HVD3wwMwjfjKNrKw7KGtfx28QXQImUgUJWtX-XObO6O88d3yv9afQsFzbaOFktoNrzLhvyeEQ30tGq4VZk04OPOrfypBDa7ryrGW5XoqkrgctOaYUowxkR1/s1600-h/IMG_0558.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5-qCKH1WwBXCF_f3TiWeB3HVD3wwMwjfjKNrKw7KGtfx28QXQImUgUJWtX-XObO6O88d3yv9afQsFzbaOFktoNrzLhvyeEQ30tGq4VZk04OPOrfypBDa7ryrGW5XoqkrgctOaYUowxkR1/s320/IMG_0558.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957795804681202" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Crit Room: Interior Perspective</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCCF-uEYspQbmqJfZnZYFg2KnscGHY9wJQh6pg5vLT8RWJf7EqU71TAWuyVDRbG04YKaEVsOzHHVU7KZpRcHBElYhV9BKvIHX7sJxBYTZxm0Fp3aVEcziQHpKNH8WXDOb23zXaFMBwUCWV/s1600-h/IMG_0557.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCCF-uEYspQbmqJfZnZYFg2KnscGHY9wJQh6pg5vLT8RWJf7EqU71TAWuyVDRbG04YKaEVsOzHHVU7KZpRcHBElYhV9BKvIHX7sJxBYTZxm0Fp3aVEcziQHpKNH8WXDOb23zXaFMBwUCWV/s320/IMG_0557.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957790928143714" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Stair Research</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioyuuEe-M3Pu36HWD4P4PNxWlauYDP0B2pGZJTLx5W1GSz4ZUCz3E7ezmS_msyjj7yy3giqces-rInGTHSCt7s3rch4PRUIOuG3HR-TQcQXT3e95xPKi3qtzTCYLdJwailOTuvMxEL9x-x/s1600-h/IMG_0556.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioyuuEe-M3Pu36HWD4P4PNxWlauYDP0B2pGZJTLx5W1GSz4ZUCz3E7ezmS_msyjj7yy3giqces-rInGTHSCt7s3rch4PRUIOuG3HR-TQcQXT3e95xPKi3qtzTCYLdJwailOTuvMxEL9x-x/s320/IMG_0556.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957455689775970" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Plan of Gatewood 118 & 120</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQqv06DJBS-wXcXtr0ChOPa4BcL4WmRh_bQlT9KnQRu3b0JomXCCLcFzLJLFXGhV-j4cwhPBc6FPpBeVklwMjd5uUl1jeUau00LYsG2ha1944DjFw0MNQYEDmGmrabZYkAOemRpp57rv8A/s1600-h/IMG_0554.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 243px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQqv06DJBS-wXcXtr0ChOPa4BcL4WmRh_bQlT9KnQRu3b0JomXCCLcFzLJLFXGhV-j4cwhPBc6FPpBeVklwMjd5uUl1jeUau00LYsG2ha1944DjFw0MNQYEDmGmrabZYkAOemRpp57rv8A/s320/IMG_0554.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957451154990226" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">15 x 15 Interior Perspective</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXvi0ZWuQkDUIqHfxYwl3oDL3Ec0yKZZvobDFhOZ76oD2GuXztocA5N30r6SAnf42JqjPz6X8_lbhQLCjxA0_FcI-flB8RrL9Vu7MqIkE4DUu3qOwH-44ylr77U7bw-QzBeEc3t6VomWjv/s1600-h/IMG_0553.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXvi0ZWuQkDUIqHfxYwl3oDL3Ec0yKZZvobDFhOZ76oD2GuXztocA5N30r6SAnf42JqjPz6X8_lbhQLCjxA0_FcI-flB8RrL9Vu7MqIkE4DUu3qOwH-44ylr77U7bw-QzBeEc3t6VomWjv/s320/IMG_0553.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957448921735538" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">15 x 15 Exterior Perspective</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3WWjx-qqnabe47VUiklxhDjXstyLDvf7qI0ByLgqJTM2wUAeqnkBrdvfkEwdQf_4aN4r4jZGqb45sLTKWR-zwFpsZA0b1Fu5n3WxCGBXapb-66_1ttW-2ihb4mWX0cfxGHv1S8cgvEHhY/s1600-h/IMG_0552.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 259px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3WWjx-qqnabe47VUiklxhDjXstyLDvf7qI0ByLgqJTM2wUAeqnkBrdvfkEwdQf_4aN4r4jZGqb45sLTKWR-zwFpsZA0b1Fu5n3WxCGBXapb-66_1ttW-2ihb4mWX0cfxGHv1S8cgvEHhY/s320/IMG_0552.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957443974150978" /></a><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><div style="text-align: center;"> Book Work Page One<br /></div></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEOsFWE9bJ_jX9H70iJm0o6snGBaWnnpO4RjEikmXLkTiw8Aixzq30jz24ZWWLFIjbwEuLrnEdkJxOViE9-cCmepTMuV-_8EzlMunVFK3YC-5ifJMo4XF5-kMLar4FhLKjVVsn8o1Jz3DX/s1600-h/IMG_0551.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEOsFWE9bJ_jX9H70iJm0o6snGBaWnnpO4RjEikmXLkTiw8Aixzq30jz24ZWWLFIjbwEuLrnEdkJxOViE9-cCmepTMuV-_8EzlMunVFK3YC-5ifJMo4XF5-kMLar4FhLKjVVsn8o1Jz3DX/s320/IMG_0551.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334957441608589138" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Book Work Page 2</div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-77683421517632249832009-05-07T21:18:00.000-07:002009-05-07T21:20:09.574-07:00Precedent Analysis: Revised Essay<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The cycle of design is dependent upon the borrowing of building styles from previous eras. These buildings that are the foundation of another design are called precedents. Precedents are used throughout the history of architecture and design to inspire those styles to come. The Crystal Cathedral is a major example of a building that is a potential precedent for the future of religious architecture.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><div>Before the Garden Grove Cathedral existed a small “drive-in church”, founded by Rev. Robert Schuller and his wife, in Garden Grove, California. This drive-in replicated that of a drive-in movie: lots of space for parked cars and a projector screen in the front. The popularity of these services increased as word was spread. However, as the local congregation grew to be near 10,000, it was necessary to build a new church to house all of these people In 1970, Schuller approached architect Philip Johnson, asking him if he would build a larger structure, with a desire to hold on to the idea of a drive-in. This goal was the cause of the resulting materials used in construction as well as the layout of the church. The product of this goal resulted in the “Crystal Cathedral” by Johnson and his partner, John Burgee. The construction of the Garden Grove cathedral was completed and opened to the public in 1980.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The Crystal Cathedral towers over many of its surrounding buildings. Though it is massive in height and span, its visual weight is deceiving. This church is made out of silver colored glass, which is pieced together by steel trusses. This glass is what allows for the deceiving “lightness” of the structure. It also supports the idea of a “drive-in”. Being able to see to the outside from the interior creates a seamless-ness. So while people are worshipping inside, they actually feel like they’re outside, back in the historic “drive-in” service. The layout is also crucial to enforce religious beliefs. Like most churches and cathedrals, the Crystal Cathedral provides a modified version of porch, court and hearth. The outside lawn is the porch. From this lawn, people enter the cathedral, transitioning from a public place to somewhere more private: the court. The hearth is specified by the massive wooden structure, which is a backdrop for the altar, where the most important person (the priest) gives his sermons. Also like many cathedrals in history, light is a crucial element in design. Johnson uses a complete façade of glass, and though it may or may not have been intentional, the entrance and exit of light throughout the space is what creates a “sacred space”. Further supporting the idea of a drive-in, doors behind the pulpit also open to allow sunlight as well as breezes into the space. The structure system could be compared to that of the postmodern era, as Johnson does not try to disguise the structural elements of the building, but instead, exposes the steel and glass so that light can protrude through.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The Crystal Cathedral is one building. It is a unified whole. Its parts consist of its commodity, firmness and delight. First, it accommodates the amount of people in the church congregation, and then those who travel to this church from all over the world to participate in the “Hour of Power”. It accommodates its intended function of religious worship and entertainment, providing a space for religious service. Its structure is extremely firm, as I spoke of before. The manipulative trusses make the expanded ceiling possible, while the columns provide for withstanding of earthquakes and high winds. The structural organization also has a hierarchy to it. At the front point of the church stands the altar and pulpit. This is the hearth of the church, where the most important person stands, or where the most important people sing. Then comes the court, where the people sit. The people are also given importance in this space as seating spans the entire width of the church. Last but not least, this cathedral provides delight in its appearance. It is illuminated, like the heavens, to create an extreme effect of worship upon those inside. It is also delightful in its unique difference from a typical church. The light gives the cathedral a sense of life that could not be achieved in an enclosed church, and the use of natural materials such as wood and marble achieve the virtual idea of being outside, while actually still inside.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>What strikes me about The Crystal Cathedral is its ability to follow all the preconceived ideas of a religious space, but also suggest new ideas. If someone were to look at this building, he would not guess that it were a cathedral. He might be close in thinking it was a place of entertainment, but without seeing the large cross in the tower next to it, it is impossible to identify. It clearly pulls away from the traditional religious spaces that we have studied in history by obtaining many dualities. First, I will suggest that it has both transparent and opaque qualities. The building itself is transparent in that you can see right through it. However, it is opaque in a sense that it is unidentifiable as a religious building. This is due to the switch from traditional stone, as seen in the Gothic era, to glass. Its theme also contradicts the purpose it serves in temporary versus permanent. The idea of a drive-in is somewhat of a temporary idea. It only serves its purpose as a drive-in when there are people parked. However, a cathedral is quite permanent. It’s not something you can pack up. It requires much more thought and intention.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I have complete faith that this structure that breaks the rules will have an extreme impact on other spaces. I think this abstract worship space will give way to the rise of many other contemporary cathedrals across the country, if not the world. Take the Cathedral of Christ the Light in Oakland for example. It is also a massive structure that rejects the idea of stone in a religious building. It, too, uses projection of images on the lengthy walls. Being that it is placed next to commercial buildings, its purpose is disguised. Some may argue that this huge structure takes away from the religious tradition. However, a religion is a religion despite the place where it is worshipped. I think the Crystal Cathedral provides the community with new ideas about how to design spaces for the public, and I know this building will become a prototype for those in the future.</div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-65198743956842811902009-05-05T11:30:00.000-07:002009-05-05T11:48:41.252-07:00Explorations of Influence<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvfAb3jliZWfZv_7rwJ579hiz3vj6UfLE_ZPbrfW7RBUaAPXkbjvluw4Oa7P-qv3w6QcUCEpEGzJJYsl4liE-NX-5pziQSZSdCQf3yDec9YRxteLPTwv7HU1gTBdEncxOUlEP0slVackSf/s1600-h/3270122998_3ea40488de.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvfAb3jliZWfZv_7rwJ579hiz3vj6UfLE_ZPbrfW7RBUaAPXkbjvluw4Oa7P-qv3w6QcUCEpEGzJJYsl4liE-NX-5pziQSZSdCQf3yDec9YRxteLPTwv7HU1gTBdEncxOUlEP0slVackSf/s320/3270122998_3ea40488de.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332410380471990626" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Chateau de L'aile- Vevey, Switzerland</div><div style="text-align: center;">This chateau was a part of the Robert-Couvreau family many many years ago. It has now been renovated to provide living space for residents.</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja7sfnlrjwkqGfNtH5f-eaXhV4geR6zHDaApMUP1gXO8vlo8w7ZS9B929_jnZn-HOL68-1-4lfZmA8RxnIf1A9RXGPbLhAzjz-IQfidgpySMFsh-T3Jr3sFvP2oSQ481ZATQNhFKYS0jTH/s1600-h/155906486_cd3791985f.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 317px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja7sfnlrjwkqGfNtH5f-eaXhV4geR6zHDaApMUP1gXO8vlo8w7ZS9B929_jnZn-HOL68-1-4lfZmA8RxnIf1A9RXGPbLhAzjz-IQfidgpySMFsh-T3Jr3sFvP2oSQ481ZATQNhFKYS0jTH/s320/155906486_cd3791985f.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332410376836438050" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Venice, Italy</div><div style="text-align: center;">Venice is a place where I dream to go. With the history that I know now, it would be ignorant not to visit there.</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYk0prH1iwcL2rnqwQad-v6rMXO_bx-Nw_vUt5X4XWje1dTJrO4QWrbWLPzB8LsJAp9ZFnLmB46QzUnJUVZFD2YM4mpudyG_AOo_YZkj-XlkWfifhujXUF23RiyAX4EdgRWNfqDXsUxzTO/s1600-h/450214511_bc1c861f87.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 264px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYk0prH1iwcL2rnqwQad-v6rMXO_bx-Nw_vUt5X4XWje1dTJrO4QWrbWLPzB8LsJAp9ZFnLmB46QzUnJUVZFD2YM4mpudyG_AOo_YZkj-XlkWfifhujXUF23RiyAX4EdgRWNfqDXsUxzTO/s320/450214511_bc1c861f87.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332410376612839714" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">The Louvre, Paris</div><div style="text-align: center;">The juxtaposition of this Industrial Sculpture next to a series of classical buildings leaves much room for interpretation and inspiration.</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTQNK7loPSlJR_H_9_OyK6WJETESFj6BuF0MCnxdQmu3o9L3GCz8rrc_o_qg8OK0rN1VC9m2wxQPp7eEsJxam5ySrE7XtNPeEf1JdH9kBzwGQoWTBMyBWrIQhMLmmLopnLyf2Wtdwngxcr/s1600-h/2724428281_ff0d045f2e.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTQNK7loPSlJR_H_9_OyK6WJETESFj6BuF0MCnxdQmu3o9L3GCz8rrc_o_qg8OK0rN1VC9m2wxQPp7eEsJxam5ySrE7XtNPeEf1JdH9kBzwGQoWTBMyBWrIQhMLmmLopnLyf2Wtdwngxcr/s320/2724428281_ff0d045f2e.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332410374880089922" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Classic Ray Ban Wayfarers</div><div style="text-align: center;">Revival through trends. I own a pair... and they are my way of keeping it classy.</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZtKu0qVRFS1dwiBRA3sAyiNdn0dELsRn7m24V_2NHIqLIpInglmClYMMy22ro7B2suamy4m-zBi9kwC8_l5ROSLGITbsA5tONW17RH50REAfQsNQrNwAN7A1VE4givORNj49bEmW_9bah/s1600-h/2183884644_319783e117.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 162px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZtKu0qVRFS1dwiBRA3sAyiNdn0dELsRn7m24V_2NHIqLIpInglmClYMMy22ro7B2suamy4m-zBi9kwC8_l5ROSLGITbsA5tONW17RH50REAfQsNQrNwAN7A1VE4givORNj49bEmW_9bah/s320/2183884644_319783e117.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332410374423466322" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">New York City, New York</div><div style="text-align: center;">One of the most historic cities in America in terms of development and industry. It is also a place I like to call home (or close enough).</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5CQRsG4VzwNd1JkqJK-Z-SSo4l-Iu2HwcTl5kWdxJqbPwnfqGv8ywoPnCEwhDOdUT9U3IpMu2wveHwzjLF3tzGjzXLpxIAplxfUhAhj9iuTVX6YnC-j9aANfzMV-Fqvs9bO69IduGPvdg/s1600-h/2_hagia_sofia_belulrol.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 287px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5CQRsG4VzwNd1JkqJK-Z-SSo4l-Iu2HwcTl5kWdxJqbPwnfqGv8ywoPnCEwhDOdUT9U3IpMu2wveHwzjLF3tzGjzXLpxIAplxfUhAhj9iuTVX6YnC-j9aANfzMV-Fqvs9bO69IduGPvdg/s320/2_hagia_sofia_belulrol.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332410012594833842" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Church of Hagia Sophia- Istanbul, Turkey</div><div style="text-align: center;">Inspiration by use of light. This church is unique as it was built while Gothic Cathedrals were going up in countries like Italy and France. It looks nothing like Amiens, or the Duomo.</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhk4jZghRvXCkzkYsaVeJDvaeK2Wsy4ihLwe-9_zAFtEyvDQJHdoceARldu7nNqoPPV_5W4d11VplK_ziVyYLv6vsPRal9wEG33FrdS7qAixHK0lEh3tuEExrh1nD_1fq2ioU6hn6jIfFO/s1600-h/2087435606_43aa0aac00.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 245px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhk4jZghRvXCkzkYsaVeJDvaeK2Wsy4ihLwe-9_zAFtEyvDQJHdoceARldu7nNqoPPV_5W4d11VplK_ziVyYLv6vsPRal9wEG33FrdS7qAixHK0lEh3tuEExrh1nD_1fq2ioU6hn6jIfFO/s320/2087435606_43aa0aac00.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332410007128015346" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Carcassonne, France</div><div style="text-align: center;">A French Exchange Program. We visited this site (La Cite) and learned about how it used to house the entire city of Carcassonne, which has now expanded a great amount.</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNF2sC1XEkRvXKW_NPaAkMoGybYhxwTpORhS2kdrVpiSiYCo_0sBGc05AO6KEBWWQm6ylr8Lis8jHoqYN2hZl_toxWEqtxZ1A6P3N6ndGK1yyhI1zdUrLGKJ7dGxgB-NKiRwmhgMBYljeq/s1600-h/family+crest.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 246px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNF2sC1XEkRvXKW_NPaAkMoGybYhxwTpORhS2kdrVpiSiYCo_0sBGc05AO6KEBWWQm6ylr8Lis8jHoqYN2hZl_toxWEqtxZ1A6P3N6ndGK1yyhI1zdUrLGKJ7dGxgB-NKiRwmhgMBYljeq/s320/family+crest.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332410002591310002" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Family Crest</div><div style="text-align: center;">This ring has been a tradition in my family for centuries. A Family is received through marriage or birth. It is given on a child's sixteenth birthday, or on the day of marriage.</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTE6xgu09zR9dYKJxno2SvkPLTbyV0ho0dHBBzUHaJ5lki5emYnrpS3mstWK__iJSx7eu8QZNZtQjrMlw28YF-L-PwR6YdZeH8mbB9ifabUFlBZ6F8g116oVgv7_yNDK9h2DfwKWuCBnby/s1600-h/2171625167_01e69b798f.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 213px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTE6xgu09zR9dYKJxno2SvkPLTbyV0ho0dHBBzUHaJ5lki5emYnrpS3mstWK__iJSx7eu8QZNZtQjrMlw28YF-L-PwR6YdZeH8mbB9ifabUFlBZ6F8g116oVgv7_yNDK9h2DfwKWuCBnby/s320/2171625167_01e69b798f.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332409998612882658" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Grand Central Terminal, New York City, New York</div><div style="text-align: center;">I see the inside of this building at least 25 times every summer, commuting back and forth to Long Island to visit friends. It makes more and more architectural sense every time I see it. Its beauty never leaves.</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFOyWV1C5Vqv_3VcpybHsA58yK9M0zZDskqSckalGkpLMKE6E2Gc8mx_fCrI0yLyJR6oZEew6BIsdamCmxLo-S49GL7jEdc5ZOv-xZD3RIBkYlP28-e_30sLTZb-pz8522Y3C9Zbxo6uR6/s1600-h/158877647_38853bb811.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFOyWV1C5Vqv_3VcpybHsA58yK9M0zZDskqSckalGkpLMKE6E2Gc8mx_fCrI0yLyJR6oZEew6BIsdamCmxLo-S49GL7jEdc5ZOv-xZD3RIBkYlP28-e_30sLTZb-pz8522Y3C9Zbxo6uR6/s320/158877647_38853bb811.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5332409994509365570" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">The Nautilus Shell</div><div style="text-align: center;">My admissions project for this program. The abilities that this shell has, as well as its fit with commodity, firmness and delight, helps me understand the concepts of architecture. However, this shell is not only representative of architecture or mathematics, but of life.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">PHOTOS TAKEN FROM <a href="www.flickr.com">FLICKR</a></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-45534490236485681332009-05-03T16:38:00.001-07:002009-05-04T12:39:43.514-07:00Coming Full CircleCOMMUNITY: a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage; a locality inhabited by such a group<div><br />Community is a major consideration in architecture and design. Why? Because usually a firm builds or designs for a group of people, whether it’s for a family or an entire town. Depending on the community, there will be limitations that are set on how a design is created. These limitations often reference style, context, time period, etc. An example of the importance of community is seen in the time of critical regionalism. “One of the notable aspects of critical regionalist reactions to imported Euro-American Modernism was the reaffirmation of community, of creating environments for groups of people, living and working together in ancestral traditional ways” (Roth, 607). This idea of designing for a community coexists with the concept of creating a community within a design. “What makes housing complexes successful are two essential factors: a consistent design that results in a related family of forms and an appropriateness of scale and an organization of spaces that arise from the ethos of those who will live there” (Roth, 607). Communities are particularly influential in the 21st century due to the fact that populations are growing and there is more need for things such as communal housing and villages. This raises another complication: Mass Construction while respecting the rise of sustainability. Sustainability is becoming a huge idea within architecture due to stewardship towards the environment and a concern about decreasing global warming.<br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>STEWARDSHIP (steward): One who is actively concerned with the direction of the affairs of an organization</div><div><br />With sustainability, we have stewardship, or lack thereof. If Global warming wasn’t an issue, I’m not so sure that sustainable design would even exist. Global warming rose with lack of concern about our earth. We were ignorant of the harm we were causing, allowing the problems to increase in severity, and now there are threats that the world will come to an end. Right there, is the lack of stewardship. However, stewardship is rising in architecture and design firms, with new restrictions and alternate ideas. “The overriding issue is that of sustainability, which has grown in importance on a global level, and for the field of design generally. As awareness about issues such as scarce resources and global warming is raised, so government policy in the developed world calls for a more responsible use of precious materials and energy” (Massey, 219). This responsible use refers to the awareness of toxicity of materials as well as the lifecycle of these materials and how much energy is inputted into particular building technologies. This type of stewardship is the only way to go about design these days. For the most part, the more earth-friendly you are, the more chance you have of scoring a client, especially in commercial design. There are many ways designers go about sustainability. However, two specific ways involve renovation and deconstruction.<br /><br /><br />AUTHENTICITY: being genuine or real<br /><br /></div><div>The idea of authenticity in design refers to how a building came to be, whether it was constructed from scratch, renovated into a new building, or taken apart to be something more simple. One major design movement that involves authenticity is deconstructionism. During the deconstruction movement, designers were all about “composing an interior which looks as if it might fall apart, a loose collection of different technological and structural elements” (Massey, 216). This idea of structural element involves the exposure of systems as part of the design. A good example of this exposure is seen in Herzog and de Meuron’s Turbine Hall. Instead of disguising the systems, “they exploited the might of the vast Turbine Hall as the key public space of the building. Industrial materials are laid bare” (Massey, 228). Renovation is also a major part of authentic versus artificial. Preservation and recycling of existing buildings was a major part of a step towards sustainability in both hotel design and commercial building. This consistent presence of architecture, regardless of change, is supported by Eisenman “… there is always some being-in as opposed to the condition of being-as. It is the being in that architecture that is questioned” (Massey, 602).<br /><br /></div><div>INNOVATION: the introduction of something new; a new idea, method or device<br /><br /></div><div>Sustainable design is an innovation in itself. As far back as Egypt goes, people have never been worrying about how their use of products would impact the future. Sure, there have been considerations about how long materials would last, and how the buildings would be used in the future, but as far as consideration of the environment goes, sustainable concern is at an extreme. Like I said above, sustainability has caused many new considerations and limitations in design, causing designers to come up with new ways to approach building projects. For example, Ken Yeang came up with a new building type appropriate for the sustainable movement. “By the early 1980’s, Yeang had begun to define a new building type, the tropical skyscraper, exploiting strategies for reducing the need for energy consumption (especially for ventilation and cooling), for incorporating elevated masses of landscaping, and for facilitating neighborhoods or communities of people in the high-rise building” (Roth, 609). The computer also became a major part of design work. Technologies were growing and it became easier to develop ideas with computer programs. “The computer now makes possible the virtual creation of building projects that were never executed as well as the ability to recover buildings and environments of antiquity that no longer survive” (Roth, 611).<br /><br />I know that there is usually a summary at the end of these, but I am going to take the last paragraph of Roth and analyze it and relate it to all four words above.<br /><br /></div><div>“Architecture is the art we cannot escape; it is over, under, around us virtually every second of our lives. An architecture of substance is more than simply a benevolent, protective umbrella; at its best, it interacts with us on our behalf, informing our memory, allowing us to become more human.” [Interaction has to do with community in that architecture is built for a specific group of people. This interaction is also an example of stewardship, in that community is a concern of the designer or firm]. “It is far more than shelter, more than a commodity for speculation, more than an expedient package, more than a capricious, artistic gambol. It is the built record of how we have ordered our cultural priorities, of who and what we are, and what we believe in.” [This idea of who we are and what we believe in has to do with authenticity, and someone following their genuine beliefs. These beliefs then create an authentic design that is not only real, but also original. Different from the others]. “The many contemporary expressions of modernism, how they reflect regional desires and needs, and how they respond to divergent theories on the role of architecture coupled with the emerging changes in how buildings are conceived and designed, make it impossible to say how architecture around the globe will develop in the century now opening- except to say that it will be ever changing and stimulating.” [This everchanging architecture is constantly raising new ideas and concepts for design. This is an example of innovation]</div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-55450769209940298402009-04-29T13:37:00.000-07:002009-05-03T16:32:01.098-07:00[pair]ing down<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Meditation/Celebration</span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Meditation: Contemplation; pondering; musing over</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Celebration: Honoring something; observing a notable occasion</span></p> <img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 314px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIA0pcMhqWWeccX2JK3YJU2W6h4tpFCTbzFfwmFjMWuSnnV7NQqby3uR6sRlzCyt-B-BWR5xQilA0yZw2IgmX-KxAwV7WLTIhWgGW0rUFvKAE2MjOVDMDh7ImY0_ITvKo19bM70dQYG1in/s320/IMG_0507.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5331741158562665666" /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">^This was a sketch of my primary idea for a meditation space. I wanted to use the sense of audio to engage my client. I wanted he or she to be able to enjoy the space, relaxing and listening to the water fall.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Meditation and Celebration are not entirely different. One can be a component of the other, but they can also have separate effects. United, meditation and celebration emphasize the importance of something, honoring or musing over that thing, or event, or person. Separate from one another, a meditation could be a quiet and private act, while a celebration could be more public, and noisy or loud. Architecture in itself portrays both qualities. Architecture, most often, meditates history, as it looks for things that are most important to revive or work off of. It then creates a new style that celebrates history, or the important aspects of it. One example of a meditation and celebration of design is that during Pop Culture. The type of architecture that arises during this time period meditates the influential aspects of the time period, and then celebrates that context through form. “The need ofr young people to dissociate themselves from the older generation and communicate fun and transience explains the diverse inspirations for Pop. The aim was not to replicate past styles but incorporate them into a new, young look” (Massey , 175). The focus for the second half of the semester in our studio class has been about meditation and/or celebration of light. It has caused me to meditate how the two could be unified as one, or how they could be used to directly contrast one another. We have explored these similarities and differences through multiple compositions. My final project consists of two spaces: one of meditation, and one of celebration. We were asked to combine these acts with the thought of public versus private space. My meditation space will be that of a private experience, while my public space will be more about the celebration of presence. Light and shadow are extremely important in order to convey these two experiences.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Light/Shadow</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Light: something that makes vision possible; the sensation aroused by stimulation of the visual sense organs.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Shadow: partial darkness in a space from which light rays are cut off; shade cast upon a surface by something intercepting rays from a light.</span></p> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj3qUxXxm6b0ia1hnGMhcpFM9xPmOYDHugnzhuIjXc9a9G6ZiToKE6hpYGgQTKM5U6qFNsuKIXhgjwAAlmxCiOtDFbOvbDs61RqRSuxfxblJivMyt-k25a6Lt2pimHci_QTfjrM9SbmMfh/s1600-h/IMG_0517.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj3qUxXxm6b0ia1hnGMhcpFM9xPmOYDHugnzhuIjXc9a9G6ZiToKE6hpYGgQTKM5U6qFNsuKIXhgjwAAlmxCiOtDFbOvbDs61RqRSuxfxblJivMyt-k25a6Lt2pimHci_QTfjrM9SbmMfh/s320/IMG_0517.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5331738230310912514" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijucFLjNCR5TkyuvInOIkHoADogGs2WHsgqrL53GB_Lq9GfHfuTOcP9mnwRPnlJV2RXJm03MN6NRAatqJEyYtZbsZJuOxwhabst6c3ewAKh0tq03G_4YEKWVJfsxX1GiFQvAKggOitDk_n/s1600-h/IMG_0512.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijucFLjNCR5TkyuvInOIkHoADogGs2WHsgqrL53GB_Lq9GfHfuTOcP9mnwRPnlJV2RXJm03MN6NRAatqJEyYtZbsZJuOxwhabst6c3ewAKh0tq03G_4YEKWVJfsxX1GiFQvAKggOitDk_n/s320/IMG_0512.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5331738221688796530" /></a><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">^<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"> These two photos show how light and shadow is emphasized in my two spaces during different times of day. The top photo is of my meditation space in the morning, and the bottom of my celebration space midday.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">How Light and Shadow is incorporated into a design is extremely important. Why? Because light and shadow have everything in the world to do with how a space is experienced. I am going to relate light and shadow to day and night for a second. Celebration is not always about light. Sure, people celebrate things all day, such as a cup of coffee, or lunch, or a meeting, etc. But then people also celebrate during the nighttime when they go out dancing, or go out to eat. Meditation is the opposite. Meditation can happen when one is sitting outside, soaking up the sun. However, meditation can also happen inside, in a dark area, where light is minimal, allowing one to think about nothing but what’s going on at that exact time. So the point im trying to make is that light cannot strictly be associated with celebration, and shadow with meditation. This idea is inaccurate. So how do light and shadow affect an experience? Well light could energize a space through a reflection of color, forming a celebration, but it could also calm a space if it’s used in a room of all white, or all black, forming a meditation. Shadow could create a sense of meditation, due to a “winding down” effect that it has, but shadow could also create a celebration space for personal events. Light and shadow is constantly being considered in the development of spaces. For example, during the Modernism era, Alexander Girard paid close attention to how light would integrate his interior and exterior. “The Rieveschel house has […] The ‘Natural’ element is introduced with fur rugs on the floors, indoor plants, and the use of natural light wherever possible” (Massey, 150).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Light and Shadow can be used in emphasizing a space of meditation or celebration through sequence (transposition or juxtaposition).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Transpose/Juxtapose</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Transpose: to change the position or sequence of</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Juxtapose: to place side by side</span></p> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-rHK52CZwR9UGXBHYRRG2nT-tBiCvwNMeSwhWpLcrUUAYpJwShs-6Nhg58itdtJHCYHf6DnpOtS2oqB16lROihTAizNTwApEnjbrz3SG3pDsfME8xJlhdPEt9xxd6LLOkYBS3s6WXMX1s/s1600-h/IMG_0529.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-rHK52CZwR9UGXBHYRRG2nT-tBiCvwNMeSwhWpLcrUUAYpJwShs-6Nhg58itdtJHCYHf6DnpOtS2oqB16lROihTAizNTwApEnjbrz3SG3pDsfME8xJlhdPEt9xxd6LLOkYBS3s6WXMX1s/s320/IMG_0529.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5331742051346743762" /></a> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">^ Above is an example of the way I decided to juxtapose my two spaces. By choosing to put the door where I did, I was able to transpose the sequence of circulation through the space.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Transposition and Juxtaposition of space (s) is crucial to design, particularly because one must meditate how a space will be laid out before it can be built that way. Depending on what kind of experiences on which a designer wants to focus, spaces will be transposed or juxtaposed accordingly. In studio, we are working on the transposition and juxtaposition of spaces in order to specify two qualities (celebration and meditation) while still obtaining unity between the two. Personally, I have found this to be a great challenge, because I am placing one space next to another, with an implied wall between the two, trying to make them different enough so that they emphasize different qualities, but still concentrating on one or two aspects that can tie the two together. For my design, this uniting aspect is seen in the auditory sense, as well as the color scheme and materials used. My grad student will walk up to the room, and see and hear water. The grad student then enters the room, seeing walnut wood, aluminum, brick and pale walls, and then circulates through the public space into the private, to return to water. By juxtaposing these two spaces, rather than keeping them as one space, I have specified what kind of experience I want to impose on my graduate student, and by transposing these two spaces, I have created a unique circulation path. Juxtaposition is a major aspect of the development of Postmodernism in history. Until the late 20<sup>th</sup> century, Architects were focused on styles that reflected specific types of design. Postmodernism, however, is extremely different. Postmodernism borrows from all different eras, from Ancient Egypt, to the Renaissance, to Industrialism and back again. What is so special about this era is its ability to take multiple styles throughout history and combine them to create a unified design. Nigel Coates displays this in the design of his flat in London. He shows a developed collection of objects and forms suggesting architectural structure. “His flat in London was an essay in architectural metaphor, juxtaposing different period-styles and an artful decay like a self-conscious and deliberate stage set” (Massey, 212).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Literal/Abstract</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Literal: adhering to fact or to the ordinary or usual meaning of something</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Abstract: considered apart from a particular instance; expressing a quality apart from an object; having only intrinsic form with little or no pictorial representation</span></p> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPAMQmr6qEoUfc7NANLAE6R8mLCyglapa0EI7LvGCnDg7GBxRkeMSQmlvx-RcvmVyhzzX4N9Sx1TnMwgCFZkvcDv0fw7LwWnQ27lBsDJrx-1WnpjSUS9CdX1t1UscF0KfZXF7CaiwzNWMc/s1600-h/IMG_0500.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPAMQmr6qEoUfc7NANLAE6R8mLCyglapa0EI7LvGCnDg7GBxRkeMSQmlvx-RcvmVyhzzX4N9Sx1TnMwgCFZkvcDv0fw7LwWnQ27lBsDJrx-1WnpjSUS9CdX1t1UscF0KfZXF7CaiwzNWMc/s320/IMG_0500.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5331743957397644738" /></a> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">^<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Above is one of the throw up sheets I did to speculate about this project. I came up with several ideas, many of which were more literal than abstract. One of the crucial parts of abstraction is extreme process of thought.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">While Meditation and celebration have been key concepts for only half a semester, we have been focusing on literal and abstract all year now, not only in studio but in our history class and our visual design classes. While all the rest of the words above can interrelate, abstract and literal are antonyms to the death of it. However, design can have qualities of both. Abstract and Literal fit together with the three goals of design: commodity, firmness and delight. Commodity, or how a building fits a function, can be literal in that it is built for a specific function, but also abstract in the way that it chooses to accommodate that function. Firmness is literal in that it is unavoidable; a building must be firm in order to function. Big whoop. However, as we approach reactions to modern design, we are finding that firmness is becoming abstract in the hi-tech and de-constructivist eras. Both eras take technology, and expose that technology through their design. The systems that make up a structure actually act as the decoration for a certain design. “The Hi-tech movement celebrated the aesthetic of industrial production […] Here all the apparatus for servicing the building is boldly displayed on the exterior of the cultural center. The Interior is less inventive […]” (Massey, 195). Though this quote refers to the Pompidou centre by Piano and Rogers, it can be applied to a majority of architecture during this movement. Delight is literal in that it is self-explanitory (doing things to the interior to delight people), but the way in which delight is achieved can be rather abstract in a broad range. In our studio class we have been asked to look away from the literal (or more generic) uses of light to convey celebration and meditation and focus more on our interpretation of how light should be used to create these two effects. I won’t lie. It is extremely difficult not to create a dark room and call it meditation. But not only is that too easy to do, but it’s also too literal. Good design is derived from abstraction of meaning and ideas. Good designers take a concept and abstract it to the fullest, while still keeping in mind commodity, firmness and delight.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Monologue/Dialogue</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Monologue: a long speech monopolizing conversation</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Dialogue: a conversation between two or more parties</span></p> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYUqlUsWl0a7ZT41XHMhyphenhyphenfQwikoXd5sumRgwhYSuy8ifWeyqZPHkNcHE-Ck29AYarT3-fD4_ERf59Z83W9vxjAq4Qwp3XoUBs4-ikmW8iRCxf7r4EDzbDVBMG1qjbYG5v74WT4sIuCPl5s/s1600-h/IMG_0528.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYUqlUsWl0a7ZT41XHMhyphenhyphenfQwikoXd5sumRgwhYSuy8ifWeyqZPHkNcHE-Ck29AYarT3-fD4_ERf59Z83W9vxjAq4Qwp3XoUBs4-ikmW8iRCxf7r4EDzbDVBMG1qjbYG5v74WT4sIuCPl5s/s320/IMG_0528.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5331740277347113906" /></a><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">^ This presentation board is the example of dialogue. Without having these drawings spaced out and carefully placed, each drawing would have its own monologue. However, my layout was created so that there would be dialogue between each aspect, communicating a more legible idea</span>.<br /></div> <p class="MsoNormal">Like Literal and Abstract, these words, too, are antonyms. Ironically, however, I think they coincide quite well with celebration and meditation. Sometimes, when someone wants to meditate, he or she will go sit, alone, in order to think for themselves, without any distraction or interference. This person is involved in a monologue, conversing with herself in order to come up with some type of idea. On the other hand, a celebration may involve people coming together to honor something for which they share interest or commonalities, whether it’s only two people or a bunch of people gathering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This then creates a dialogue, whether it’s dialogue between two people or dialogue among many. Monologue and Dialogue are important to consider in effect, but they are also important to consider in context and history. Does the building that is being designed share a dialogue with its context? Does it relate to the time period? Do the spaces create dialogues among eachother to form a whole? Massey explores dialogue in her exploration of post-modernism, where different styles throughout history hold a dialogue with eachother to form unity in a design. “Stylistic heterogeneity continued to be the prevalent trend in the late twentieth century with an inexhaustible range of styles available to reflect individual identities” (Massey, 218). So dialogue between styles takes individual taste and combines it with historic elements in order to create what is seen as “good design”.</p> <!--EndFragment--></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-42165043565005103872009-04-22T11:04:00.000-07:002009-05-03T16:44:04.848-07:00Action VerbsSpeculate: To think or wonder about a subject;<br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ooJoPjZVy70Mql_Qmz92Vk8sgz9haLwZ584LJotS5B37yCbQr8MsflvFEdvoyUKdupwXFPVVb9ORBLXTX4wPG6ZmBjQ_kEhJTIb1XSXjQw4gQ5Myxmy9rT9pW0Tb_osMHpPXgSAr2Wue/s320/IMG_0502.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5331746942662551922" /><div style="text-align: center;">^ The 20 word list I came up with to describe the interaction I want my space to convey, and some pictures of inspiration cut from magazines.</div><div>Speculation is the first step in the design process. In order for a designer to create a concept, he or she must first speculate the many possibilities. Of course, these possibilities will differ with the task. However, it is impossible to choose one concept without exploring the possibilities, and this need for exploration is a constant emphasis in our design classes. It is the reason that we make multiple iterations, use multiple medias and line weights, and read about multiple time periods in history. Speculation must consider both the elements of design as well as the context of the environment around where the design will be located, and how the design will relate to a certain time period or movement. For example, Le Corbusier believed in an architecture that matched its context. “He praised the new functional industrial design and proclaimed that ‘Modern decorative art is not decorated’. […] he dismissed past styles irrelevant to the 1920’s…” (Massey, 83). Modernism focuses on the industrial age, and how a machine can be interrelated with architecture. This connection between design and time period is obvious. Speculation not only defines present connections, but it also allows for precedent analysis. One speculates a building and considers how it relates or opposes other buildings from either the same or a different time period, which is something we’re learning to do with each step of our analysis.<br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Shape: To form ; to design<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXuOPIE9wbuX1z96HNjtp_YTnvXI6r8o32X8xIFDxbW3ggrqkgXEoVQgwVunK1bzbeGRwkG1otAdge5YVSULkI3SOU6joFiiN89DDA6lZYjiSBjHwF9FMkpOyY5jJyrZ6moZPtDSvZt-wL/s1600-h/IMG_0478.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 298px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXuOPIE9wbuX1z96HNjtp_YTnvXI6r8o32X8xIFDxbW3ggrqkgXEoVQgwVunK1bzbeGRwkG1otAdge5YVSULkI3SOU6joFiiN89DDA6lZYjiSBjHwF9FMkpOyY5jJyrZ6moZPtDSvZt-wL/s320/IMG_0478.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327659379734419586" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiURPVvk9r5iMyQpe4H3g-tZNj4s6WrqgSHrM0lzDg1oQvzv5PMuFL8dPM6BpWtmLm3Mh_BkkXChuWqlbO_hnvjTwu3rqIefsCjkZBwzAreaQgMK-8CSR-sNzYY6YjgX_yImyC1Uqo3krM6/s1600-h/IMG_0477.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiURPVvk9r5iMyQpe4H3g-tZNj4s6WrqgSHrM0lzDg1oQvzv5PMuFL8dPM6BpWtmLm3Mh_BkkXChuWqlbO_hnvjTwu3rqIefsCjkZBwzAreaQgMK-8CSR-sNzYY6YjgX_yImyC1Uqo3krM6/s320/IMG_0477.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327659373331926386" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ The beginning idea which will shape the process to my final piece</div></div><div>Speculation is a prerequisite to the shaping of a design. In order for shaping to occur, one must have speculated the possibilities and chosen one concept to stick to. After choosing a concept, a designer begins to contemplate the many parts of a design, such as placement, scale, proportion, colorway, etc. Shaping a design requires much thought process as to what’s logical and what’s not. But then it is also important to consider rules and regulations in a design. There are many things that affect the way a design is shaped: style, client, time period, context, etc. Context was what shaped Modernism: “Modernism was closely linked to economic and social modernization, and it can hardly be held wholly accountable for the sins of property speculators and government bureaucracies who employed third-rate architects to cover our cities with cheap hand-me-down versions of Modernist design.<br /><br /><br /></div><div>Stretch: To spread or reach out; to draw out in length or breadth; to make tense<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAHwPJyFybsM2hLfYDpT_Dey1xGfi97HUdQU_jdceH_t9-2SttaTvjLwg_LrdsslWt9sULf2weROOaigmY1BW3NoIFGyMBC9raZnYRwkpCZmMvgkwkNqQEWZjM2Jft5nicYCwt8aX_NHq6/s1600-h/IMG_0475.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAHwPJyFybsM2hLfYDpT_Dey1xGfi97HUdQU_jdceH_t9-2SttaTvjLwg_LrdsslWt9sULf2weROOaigmY1BW3NoIFGyMBC9raZnYRwkpCZmMvgkwkNqQEWZjM2Jft5nicYCwt8aX_NHq6/s320/IMG_0475.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327660536551773810" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ My window installation stretches the boundaries by using materials other than those specified in the assignment</div></div><div>Stretching is extremely important in design. No, I do not mean that a designer needs to do hamstring and arm stretches before they can come up with a good design. By stretching, I mean knowing when it’s appropriate or necessary to go beyond limitations in order to reach a certain goal or pull a design together into a whole. In studio, interior architecture students have been stretching the boundaries all year. This is because sometimes a design just doesn’t work with a linear element, or paper is not strong enough to emphasize a certain point. Part of the reason why design is so personal is because it is flexible. Sure, there are rules and regulations that MUST be followed in order to pass inspections, and these cannot be ignored or broken. However, design is flexible in that there is such a wide variety in terms of building materials, technologies, and styles, that it’s okay to push the boundaries in order to make a design successful. Frank Lloyd Wright not only stretched the boundaries of the Modernist era, but he ignored all restrictions. “Frank Lloyd Wright and other American designers could not accept the restrictions of the Modern Movement, rejecting its characteristic use of pilotis and regular blocks. In the 1930’s, Wright continued to develop his own personal style which he considered more expressive of American values” (Massey, 85). Wright ignores entirely the traditions of modernism, and incorporates his own organic style, focusing on natural values, which he sees to be more important.<br /><br />Compose: To form by putting together; to produce by composition<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin3F97_0eEfWkfgxtsbwKpxBdMwpbyEjdgFdmeQCMB1z_lDF9w31GuiZYDU45SaG45cNRar1zsQBBzVYmNDxHRC2y4gx1f7l426k3T7HxbowPsTXpsm5lmWVE1FtaUUfp7lJ7-GQdFAbGC/s1600-h/IMG_0476.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin3F97_0eEfWkfgxtsbwKpxBdMwpbyEjdgFdmeQCMB1z_lDF9w31GuiZYDU45SaG45cNRar1zsQBBzVYmNDxHRC2y4gx1f7l426k3T7HxbowPsTXpsm5lmWVE1FtaUUfp7lJ7-GQdFAbGC/s320/IMG_0476.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327579053827868018" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ My Composite Drawing for Fallingwater</div></div><div>Once a design is shaped, whether it’s on paper or in the designer’s head, it is then necessary to compose it, or bring everything together to form the final product. As we have been learning all year, composition is crucial in design. Without composition, the parts are more like random ingredients; there is no unity. A composition is a composition when all aspects of anything, whether it’s a building, a drawing or a presentation board, come together to create a whole. It is also easier for a designer to influence a client or audience when his or her presentation is composed in a way that makes sense. With the composition of a piece of architecture, it is important that the design incorporates some, if not all, of the elements of design. These include the common elements throughout history such as light, positive and negative space, rhythm etc. Le Corbusier creates his own composition in his buildings. He uses the common elements, but also adds elements of his own. “These stipulated that the building should be supported above ground-level by pilotis; the interior should use a free plan; there should be a roof-terrace; the windows should be large, and form a continuous element of the exterior wall and the façade should consist of one smooth surface” (Massey, 80). These “Five Points of Architecture” are crucial for Corbusier in Modernism.<br /><br /><br /></div><div>Energize: To give energy to [something]<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD-XJ_7NjCbgrbdxH-SK_Q0CBnbjHJQvECI_EQtJ20PUgjmiVAWGYWpY45Elt4D7NpMaQyXeTjpEYBk2WsSye-7B_e6Wlt_WNAtqXjacp_Rg493q8SgvV-pX1xK4JYZ2Rb8-w5Krhk3L-q/s1600-h/energize2.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD-XJ_7NjCbgrbdxH-SK_Q0CBnbjHJQvECI_EQtJ20PUgjmiVAWGYWpY45Elt4D7NpMaQyXeTjpEYBk2WsSye-7B_e6Wlt_WNAtqXjacp_Rg493q8SgvV-pX1xK4JYZ2Rb8-w5Krhk3L-q/s320/energize2.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327659757141895154" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ This concept of levels is given energy through the use of color</div></div><div>Once a design has been composed, a designer can then add energy to her design. This can be done through choice of color, use of natural versus artificial light, shape of furniture, etc. The energy level of a room usually depends on the interaction that a designer wishes to create between her space and the person who is experiencing it. For example, a room with multiple windows that allow light in is more likely to be energetic than one that has less windows. A room with red or yellow paint is going to be more energetic than one with green or blue paint. Energy in design can also be reached through the exterior. For example, a skyscraper such as the Chrysler Building or the Empire State Building has energy in that it reaches to the sky. These buildings are about speed, and speed is an important concept in the Modernist era. This had to do with the rise of the automobile, along with other machines during the industrial revolution. Le Corbusier adds energy to his machine age structures through “’the masterly, correct and magnificent play of volumes brought together in light’” (Weston, 3) through architectural promenades. This energy is made to create an experience as if one is walking through a space.<br /><br /></div><div>In case you haven’t already realized, I took the words on the list and switched the order. Their chronology is significant in that one comes after the other in the design process. These action verbs are five major steps to a successful design, and it’s important to follow them in order. Mistakes or “fails”, without a doubt, affect this process. One could get to the composition stages, thinking that his or her idea or design was flawless, and then make a model and realize it doesn’t work. Then, the designer needs to either go back to shaping and figure out how the design can be modified, or start all over again with speculation of new ideas. Though it may seem like these faults are hurting the process, it actually helps in the long run in the same way of “learning from one’s mistakes”. It can also make the second run through of the process a lot quicker. This theme of chronology has definitely produced an overall theme for the semester in that projects have been spread out over time in steps quite similar to those described above. Knowing these steps and taking them is crucial in order for a design to be a well-thought-out and sensible product.<br /><br /></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-66064087958278915912009-04-20T20:49:00.001-07:002009-04-20T20:52:11.787-07:00Composite Drawing: Fallingwater<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4B9aM6ai0o4M_QwrzVdi_UtmU9O-HCQlUDtxbNGlMo5yCfVaFpc30LwYL3NE2q1EGF7v6rguFbGAwri4zGjQBFvM2gFQk5wIrLrBctTHPZVymb5dKpNGcptgRuG-4yUDdjQBWW-GPH4Kn/s1600-h/IMG_0476.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4B9aM6ai0o4M_QwrzVdi_UtmU9O-HCQlUDtxbNGlMo5yCfVaFpc30LwYL3NE2q1EGF7v6rguFbGAwri4zGjQBFvM2gFQk5wIrLrBctTHPZVymb5dKpNGcptgRuG-4yUDdjQBWW-GPH4Kn/s320/IMG_0476.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326987138558503650" /></a><br />This is a photo of my composite drawing from Fallingwater. I decided to photograph it and put it up here in case the Advil PM that I took 10 minutes ago prevents me from waking up for class tomorrow. I have never experienced worse allergies in my life. So if I miss class, I swear, I finished my drawing the night before it was due... not the day of :/Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-43739894799503916102009-04-16T17:34:00.000-07:002009-04-21T20:21:45.547-07:00Unit Summary: Reflections<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2iKDIRowhB7I8PRj6izwRTxcRtilH0-06_Qx3NA7n05tYnkvcI4RQYURpfrCuEpiz1j6ekffGmC6giS9PXevj1dPaNePGkvxOg_fz1G9-DZDVLEQLvj7iKL120uNf952ttmnQ-_tw8tGD/s1600-h/3020616008_f903902c56.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2iKDIRowhB7I8PRj6izwRTxcRtilH0-06_Qx3NA7n05tYnkvcI4RQYURpfrCuEpiz1j6ekffGmC6giS9PXevj1dPaNePGkvxOg_fz1G9-DZDVLEQLvj7iKL120uNf952ttmnQ-_tw8tGD/s320/3020616008_f903902c56.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327350610997250082" /></a><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com">Gare de l'Est- Paris</a></div><div>Reflections are all about looking back and trying to mirror something, or create a similar image of it. However, in architecture, a design reflects only parts, rather than a whole. In the reflections unit, architects look back in history and take favorable parts of architecture from those time periods, and then these architects use this knowledge to create a new.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This idea of reflection ultimately leads to innovation. Though these two concepts seemed opposite before this unit, we have learned how reflection has encouraged creation of a new architecture. <p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>The reflections unit begins with an architecture parlent. This type of architecture has its own language. Right out of the French Enlightenment, architects such as Palladio and Ledoux take the rules from the Baroque and Roccoco eras, and revise them. The two languages resulting from this revision is a language by architecture through the ancient world and the Renaissance. These two time periods provide a great amount of precedents for building during the beginning of the 18<sup>th</sup> century. Connections to these time periods are evident in buildings such as the Place de Vosges and the French Pantheon. Reflections of the ancient world and Renaissance can also be seen overseas in America, which was, at the time, under English rule. Many American buildings, such as Drayton Hall and the Carters Grove Plantation, were inspired by English architecture, which often looked back to Rome. This desire to mimic English style ended with the rise of the American Revolution.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Revolution was a turning point in architecture. In the late 18<sup>th</sup> century, there were many revolutions going on, such as the American Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Information Revolution, etc. These revolutions called for a combination of reform and revival. After gaining independence, America decided to stick to a Grecian Revival. Why? They wanted to rebel against England and have an independent architecture to match their independent state of mind. Coexistent with the American Revolution was the Industrial Revolution. New technologies were being innovated, and old technologies were improving to become more advanced. Two major materials that were introduced during the Industrial Revolution are glass and iron. These two materials created multiple possibilities for architecture. Iron made possible the expansion of roofs over large spaces, as seen at the Gare du l’est in Paris and Joseph Paxton’s crystal palace in London. Glass also provided the ability to create structures that provided a space inside where the walls and ceiling seemed to disappear, as seen in the Royal Conservatory at Kew Gardens in London. As the popularity of these materials grew, so did the use of machinery and the desire to create new buildings.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>The introduction of the machine into design was appealing to some, but others were set on the tradition and beauty of handcraft. The Arts and Crafts Movement raised the question, “should the machine be used in architecture?” William Morris was a strong believer of honest workmanship throughout the interior. He said “turn our artists into craftsmen and our craftsmen into artists” (Massey, 12), believing that “there should be an obvious artistic presence in an interior” (23). Warren Ashbee, however, supported the machine: “we do not reject the machine, we welcome it, but we desire to see it mastered”. This debate brought much contemplation of what methods were appropriate. The machine was used more in Art Deco, which initiated the beginning of the 19<sup>th</sup> century. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>During the 19<sup>th</sup> century, there were many changes occurring. These changes involved material and scientific developments, social changes, technological improvements, and changes in the interior. The increase of the population in major cities of America called for more building spaces. Taking advantage of the availability of iron, glass and concrete, architects decided to change their goals entirely and begin to build higher. These new building technologies made possible to construction of bridges, towers and palaces. Louis Sullivan is an architect who is well-known for his skyscrapers in both Chicago and New York. These skyscrapers often provided space for business corporations and offices. However, skyscrapers were not the only advances in architecture. While Sullivan focused on skycrapers, Frank Lloyd Wright was designing residencies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Moving away from the idea of revival in the Arts and Crafts movement, Wright decided to rely on nature for inspiration. He also introduces a new importance to the concept of horizontal line. Through horizontal lines, Wright was able to invent a way of subdivision without using interior walls. This idea opened up horizons for many other architects, not only in residential design, but also in commercial. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>All of these styles used reflection as a basis for their architecture. However, as architecture reached the middle of the 19<sup>th</sup> century, it was reaching toward a new era. Through the availability of materials, and the introduction of the machine, architects were coming up with new ideas for future designs. Societal changes also had a huge impact, as populations were growing and transportation was progressing. These changes lead to the explorations unit, where different possibilities will be explored in hope of reaching new heights in architecture.</p> <!--EndFragment--></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-32048542706257479582009-04-15T13:20:00.000-07:002009-04-15T13:41:06.859-07:00Road Trip<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Roots: the fundamental or essential part; the source or origin of a thing</span><br /><div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy9ZmAHjreD_eHfCIkDodBvXvih240-6iE0rUyq7RpEokEfv-HsYy90PwJdYkWBL-40BKkCFUU2bhQxjOVaHLLbHm87KNKV8egPApfLu-kiwh3ZDYvmcyGqbg9b_UTYdyxC6YhjHrNuCJ0/s320/IMG_0467.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325018581744705970" /></div><div>Roots can be interpreted in design two different ways. First, roots can be general fundamentals, or the essential considerations in the design process. There are specific rules that are set for design, such as measurements for pathways, or how far doors can push out or in, or how much space is needed to accommodate someone in a wheelchair. These roots are universal, as all must follow them. Also, the elements of design act as roots for the progression of a design. </div><div>Depending on where the focus is (color, positive/negative space, proximity, etc), the design will progress from that one idea, through a concept. Second, though, they can be roots that provide for the unique taste of a designer. These roots that will make a design special most often derive from location or culture, and sometimes, personal taste. This idea of locality can be seen in America’s wishes to incorporate styles different from those in Europe. Our nation wanted to use a style that would identify America; this style would be identified as typical of America. “ The American Moderne grew out of a need to express the new dynamism of American life. It combined the sleek surfaces of Art Deco, the French Moderne preference for new materials, and an optimistic view of machinery inspired by the Italian Futurist movement and America’s own Stuart Davis, who rendered the excitement of American mass culture in paint” (Massey, 110).</div><div><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Congruence: the quality or state of agreement or correspondence<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvB2YFx7M0P5xUkCPaMmIWdw-FnqwO6p0KmWkCkXFJ2o-1_9rDJ2HRwjiu_cYS7x4el05nO0TRLSHCHzqQYzcfQIapbu5sur8hdt4_TH0IYOqZA2Tl1fs8MOXxq0ot-jUsY_ZJDJw9oGcy/s320/IMG_0469.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325018573929163122" /></div></span></div><div>Congruence is obvious in the term “interior architecture”. Through interior architecture, the exterior and the interior of a building are in agreement with each other, through both design and architecture. This congruence between the two is what creates a sense of unity. This unity in a design can be achieved using duality, whether it is a duality of contrasting or comparing ideas. This idea of interior architecture is easily found in the work of Frank Lloyd Wright, as he designs the space, as well as the furniture he will use in it. He makes the furniture to create a composition with the space. This idea of congruence in Frank Lloyd Wright’s work is something that he is recognized for. Congruence with time period is also a major part of architecture, while it is crucial to design buildings in relation to context. “This design idiom drew from the architectural traditions of each particular nation or region t create a style that a building’s users would have immediately recognized as belonging uniquely to them” (Roth, 470).<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Concept: An idea of something formed by mentally combining all its characteristics or particulars</span><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsSUbTYaxg4QtaUz5F1av7NCSRnMPT8YiPWHM-bP98HHP1NNoBTTqKwRmmfONLKAJ2J8P94mGPseetD5nQPirg0KsumCfjp-xDsSBfZ0aSCgPlOdYNBFoogVO59-c6Smp3S22W3bc2ldYD/s1600-h/concept.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 190px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsSUbTYaxg4QtaUz5F1av7NCSRnMPT8YiPWHM-bP98HHP1NNoBTTqKwRmmfONLKAJ2J8P94mGPseetD5nQPirg0KsumCfjp-xDsSBfZ0aSCgPlOdYNBFoogVO59-c6Smp3S22W3bc2ldYD/s320/concept.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325020582443357778" /></a><br /></div></div><div>Concept initiates design. It is the first step of the design process. When a designer receives a task, she will first brainstorm multiple possibilities to go about completing it. However, when she reviews these ideas, she picks one that she likes the most and goes with it. This preferred idea becomes her concept. Without a concept, it is impossible to reach a desired end. There is a concept behind every structure that has ever been built, regardless of its time period. This concept can relate to religion, location, culture and function. During modernism in the nineteenth century, eclecticism, or revival of previous architectures, became a common concept for building and designing. “This associationalism became an underlying concept in the stylistic eclecticism that pervaded the nineteenth century and the later rise of historicist Postmodernism” (Roth, 469).<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Materiality: Material nature/quality</span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 232px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUZSbKYPt49PLLHWNJ0G82DIUF21wKoJczLVyxQsP4fj7AfAWc2NdP82Bnh55pJ3tvV4pXJ1_ShZC7iUvDmOZnBizcX2gA_Iz3nr4xk83_aNa96GkMYOjBvsnsneaqzT5tkr6DGqwLGtm7/s320/crystal+cathedral+ext.+persp..jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325018571013122546" /></div></div><div>The availability and abundance of material has a great impact on design. The vast range of materials available for architecture provides many possibilities for ideas. In fact, material is so crucial in design that it has the ability to illuminate the design. Materials go hand in hand with concept and style. The amount of possible materials has increased greatly since the beginning of history, giving designers today many opportunities. Material is particularly important today as architects are paying more attention to sustainability and reusable building materials, both inside and out. In the beginning of the eighteenth century, glass and iron were introduced as new materials. These two materials gave way to new building technologies, such as the creation of the train stations and greenhouses. “Paxton made full use of all that the British has learned of iron building technology in the construction of train stations and greenhouses in the preceding decades, but his innovations produced a giant leap in the building scale, in the prefabrication of standardized building parts of factories across England, and in methodical organization of the building process” (Roth, 487). The introduction of glass and iron was a turning point in architecture. Not only did it write the path for train station and factory construction, but it was also crucial in the late 19th and early 20th century during the rise of skyscrapers.</div><div><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Compression:Release</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 160px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEDkdSlbHJOiQDLz0m_Tv3IYqqhssVKe39Nmg_qS6Ti3_9AWn5cqBzXc4wj3UvR-spSLwEDiTP2a-_dqutdsKIfr1QBSo-K26mTuDSlvE07rp88msTEKmlC59JovhSj9yOQFcE7Makwi-Z/s320/compression:release.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325018568768768178" />Compression: being pressed together; forced into less space; to cause to become a solid mass; to condense, shorten or abbreviate<br /><br />Release: To free from confinement; to let go</span><br /><br />Compression and Release are two opposite concepts. Compression might be represented by a space that is very compact, with minimal lighting and circulation space. Release, however, could be implied in a space that is very open, with much circulation and moderate to high lighting. This space of “release” might even be sub-divided without an interior wall. In other words, the space could function in more than one way. Compression and release have an incredible impact on the way a person experiences a space. If a space is compressed, a person might feel extremely uncomfortable and overwhelmed, while a space that is “released” could be a lot more calming, and probably more functional as well. In the Gamble House at Pasadena, California, the Greene brothers create a house of “seamlessness”. All levels are integrated through the use of horizontal and vertical lines. The Greene brothers focused on nature as an inspiration, using wood as their main material. This material gave them the ability to design a room within a room, creating a feeling of release within the space. This release is also achieved in this building through the fully composed series of parts to create a whole. While I’m speaking about material, I will go ahead and say that glass and iron also made it easier to enforce compression or release of light. Walter Gropius does this in his Fagus factory. Mirroring the function of the building by using iron and glass, he allows much light inside. “The building appears to be reduced to sheets of glass (with the window panes at the floor lines replaced by opaque metal panels), but here, significantly, the corners are not solid masses but the merging of transparent glass planes” (Roth, 522).<br /><br /></div><div>To summarize this week's opus, concept is the main theme. A concept can be created through roots (location, culture, society, etc) or it can be created through congruence (the need or want to agree with a set of rules or traditions). From roots and congruence comes materiality, which is dictated by the roots of a time period or historicism, and also dictated by what the building is agreeing with, whether it is commodity, firmness or delight, though I hope it is following all three. Roots and congruence also control compression/release, determining whether or not it is appropriate for a certain type of design. Compression or release can also be achieved through materiality, depending on what type of material is used in construction of a building.</div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-84979313077498176652009-04-08T10:53:00.000-07:002009-04-09T12:15:57.939-07:00Between Silence and LightCraft: Skill in doing or making something; an art, trade or occupation requiring special skill, esp. manual skill<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqBGjzcr9WhHIYWT1vjzYwBkKgFVEpboMHIVqf7_vy45iiVlNyCZA8pfW9lCVMsVwVmAKv8whyF8pubcqgVFNdbLsGACJYaXQKrHHvVZTTXxz3awC9SWfj9kCIcsp0UgouYcOp889pDatv/s1600-h/monticellocurtainss.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 314px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqBGjzcr9WhHIYWT1vjzYwBkKgFVEpboMHIVqf7_vy45iiVlNyCZA8pfW9lCVMsVwVmAKv8whyF8pubcqgVFNdbLsGACJYaXQKrHHvVZTTXxz3awC9SWfj9kCIcsp0UgouYcOp889pDatv/s320/monticellocurtainss.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322380946948183186" /></a><div><div style="text-align: center;">^ Craft of furnishings at Monticello</div><div>Architecture has everything in the world to do with craft. In this case, architectural craft shows skill in construction of a building, whether it is by hand or by machine. During the arts and crafts movement arose a debate. Which method is more appealing: handcraft or machinery? William Morris seemed to be a firm believer of craftsmanship. “Morris established interior design and the production of furniture an furnishings as a valid enterprise for the architect and fine artist, firing the Arts and Crafts Movement in the 1880s to ‘Turn our artists into craftsmen and our craftsmen into artists’” (Massey, 12). This belief in handcraft became the foundation of the Arts and Crafts Movement, demanding that everything be handmade in order to earn value. This was contradictory, however, to the rise of new materials such as iron and glass. These materials were easily employed by machines to create buildings such as Paxton’s Crystal Palace and The Eiffel Tower. Craft is not only important in construction of buildings, but also in design. It is necessary for a designer to have good craft in all that she does. In order for an idea to be communicated, a designer usually has to build a scale model alongside multiple drawings and a presentation. All three of these aspects must be well-crafted in that the model must have neat and clean joinery and surfaces, the drawings must be thoughtfully composed and rendered, and the presentation must be clearly organized.<br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Public/Private<br />- Public: of, pertaining to, or affecting a population or a community as a whole; of or pertaining to all humankind, universal.<br />- Private: Pertaining to or affecting a particular person or a small group of persons; individual; personal<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTreEcyzynTgc-jUjYScV_2rqdVoD_5M-q8qPxY2DFusoG9Zzss4JcY90P4qIXG3Tex4KNsJapoYfWJ5rsj39hMqAS2SBk1xGc3qWkU6zLGXW4vNFH7ZgMYgr_xbesLQtbG9JA8jRqwODw/s1600-h/fallingwater025.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 309px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTreEcyzynTgc-jUjYScV_2rqdVoD_5M-q8qPxY2DFusoG9Zzss4JcY90P4qIXG3Tex4KNsJapoYfWJ5rsj39hMqAS2SBk1xGc3qWkU6zLGXW4vNFH7ZgMYgr_xbesLQtbG9JA8jRqwODw/s320/fallingwater025.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322413138842755506" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ A Private Room at Falling Water; notice the softness of the light</div></div><div>Public versus private space is crucial in architecture, obviously because usually buildings are built for people, whether they be public buildings such as a mall or a church, or private buildings such as a residence or office. There are different considerations when designing a public or private space. A public space requires more circulation space, with elements that accommodate a people as a whole. A private space, however, requires elements that accommodate one person or family, and each individual need and want. The desired effects in public and private spaces also differ. Private spaces tend to feel more welcoming and comfortable than public spaces. For example, Fallingwater was a more private space than Monticello, in that it was built first for family life, and second for entertainment. This can be seen through the use of dark hallways, keeping people from the private rooms, and the use of low ceilings and compressed spaces. At Monticello, the entertainment spaces were laid out closer to the entrance, while the private rooms were towards the back, and on the upper level. There were, however, many bedrooms; too many for a residence housing one person. There were bedrooms for people he hosted as well. This aspect of entertaining and inviting makes Monticello a more public space. During the Art Nouveau movement, much attention was paid to the public spaces in a residence, such as the entrance hall, dining room and living room. For example, Victor Horta creates an entrance hall with “a entrall placed staircase of white Carrara marble which forms the centerpiece of the whole design […] the visitor is led by this impressive stair to the upper floor if the house which contains the dining and drawing rooms” (Massey, 37). Art Nouveau was all about motifs and decoration, and using these to create grandeur within the exposed rooms of the house.<br /><br /><br /><br />Technique: The manner and ability with which an artist, writer, dancer, athlete, or the like employs the technical skills of a particular art or field of endeavor; method of performance<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3bRWA1_-HIADHsTqsMlmu5JGfTGeFYZ5SE0jyHf_49IM8d3zPCo-bolZp_ezkiwlbg0UdJa3LIGtKzS22g9_xqFg1qEJLuKSPrxT_-1djhkrZTs996hR-S0Ue2x9VScCBg6gyRfsGbfzY/s1600-h/skylight-+monticello.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 242px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3bRWA1_-HIADHsTqsMlmu5JGfTGeFYZ5SE0jyHf_49IM8d3zPCo-bolZp_ezkiwlbg0UdJa3LIGtKzS22g9_xqFg1qEJLuKSPrxT_-1djhkrZTs996hR-S0Ue2x9VScCBg6gyRfsGbfzY/s320/skylight-+monticello.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322412801188161762" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ Technique of using marker and white colored pencil to show light and shadow</div></div><div>Different designers have different techniques. In other words, their way of doing something might differ from another’s. This technique is dependent upon two aspects: style and the client. Depending upon style, a designer might use a particular color scheme, or a strict furniture layout. Depending upon the client, the designer will use techniques in her design to accommodate the wants and needs of that client. Technique is also important when considering the communication of a design. For example, what types of techniques need to be used in drawings and diagrams? What type of key will be used? Which media is most effective? These are all considered techniques during the design process. In the nineteenth century, there was a debate about technique. What construction technique was more useful? Handcraft? Machine? How the design was built depended on the preference of the designer. For example, the handcraft is clear in C.F.A. Voysey’s house, The Orchard. “C.F.A Voysey was an architect of the next generation who designed houses and their interiors with the Arts and Crafts regard for the vernacular and honest workmanship, and extended his interest to designing wallpapers, textiles, carpets and furniture for his schemes” (Massey, 16). This honest workmanship can be seen in the woodwork and craft of furniture in his house. Frank Lloyd Wright, however, chose to go against the grain and use machinery in the construction of Falling Water. He used mass-production materials such as glass and concrete. I’m not entirely sure that the construction of Falling Water would have been possible without machinery, actually. These are just some examples of the broad ranges of technique.<br /><br /><br /></div><div>Language: any system of formalized symbols, signs, sounds, gestures or the like used or conceived as a means of communicating thought, emotion, etc.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5VWNzXm-_bSIB7nesb3j3x1aTbkA55yguImSZlUh88m5DwG5VTHTf_Dhe8X0w8AIxqh_7vwmHI9rWLWAit5yEUy5Tfc-yjmQPfU85fKhhv8-cqR4DEnEDIUW4OL9nvaSWfPyYPU2Ig0W_/s1600-h/language.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 272px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5VWNzXm-_bSIB7nesb3j3x1aTbkA55yguImSZlUh88m5DwG5VTHTf_Dhe8X0w8AIxqh_7vwmHI9rWLWAit5yEUy5Tfc-yjmQPfU85fKhhv8-cqR4DEnEDIUW4OL9nvaSWfPyYPU2Ig0W_/s320/language.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322380712585666562" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ The complexity of language among countries</div></div><div>As designers, we are constantly aiming to communicate ideas, and how would this communication be effective without a language? The language of design is a complex one. Not only is it important in communication of design, but it is also important within the design itself. Let’s take Vitruvius’ three-element principle: commodity, firmness and delight. These three things exist within a language of their own. In order for a design to be effective, it must use all three. Also, the elements of design need to speak the same language with one another in order to have unity. Without language, or coexistence, unity in a design, and ultimately, success cannot be reached. Much unity is achieved at both Monticello and Falling Water, as both designs correspond with their location, using local materials. Falling Water almost even blends in with the cliff in which it’s built. These two “monuments” have a language through the connection with their locations. Language is also important between a designer and her client. When a designer creates a model, it must be an accurate scale replica of the completed idea. Along with a model, the designer must use skillful language in the layout of her presentation and composition of her graphics, whether they be digital or drawn. Language is the foundation of history in design. There is a language seen between eras, and this language is constantly repeated with revival, or more specific to our history unit, eclecticism. “Eclecticism- the informed and selective borrowing of historical building forms and details, rooted in associationalism- can be viewed as developing in a series of sequential related phases extending all the way from the early eighteenth century to the present day” (Roth, 470). This borrowing of historical forms led to revival of classical architecture from Greek and Rome, as well as the Gothic style. While von Klenze’s Sculpture Gallery in Germany was based on the image of the classical order (Roth, 472), the Houses of Parliament in London expressed a Gothic style (Roth, 475). These are just 2 examples of how the beliefs of eclecticism , or historical reference, were spread across Europe.<br /><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Virtual: existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm0ox5tGKMK_U97qXhD7xbh4JD3_Ec9MIddFGScLOtAMDFKpjwy8cO7ErtcUtO65NQ99TRD1e0Lg8_WEVeX6QMslQiEbl2PBnix5EVDJPQTS03RCuZwTxWjekSKhoxz0DUZ-kYn5YdKoWt/s1600-h/IMG_0464.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm0ox5tGKMK_U97qXhD7xbh4JD3_Ec9MIddFGScLOtAMDFKpjwy8cO7ErtcUtO65NQ99TRD1e0Lg8_WEVeX6QMslQiEbl2PBnix5EVDJPQTS03RCuZwTxWjekSKhoxz0DUZ-kYn5YdKoWt/s320/IMG_0464.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322419539501628050" /></a><br /></div><div>After discussing the opus words in studio today, I am a little unsure of the intended meaning of the word “virtual”. Virtual, to me, does not mean “of virtue”. When one thinks of virtual, they usually think of a computer or television image or program. I think that virtual architecture is found in buildings that communicate a “story” or “meaning”. This idea of virtual correlates to the constant emphasis that is being put on abstract, rather than on literal. Virtual architecture is not necessarily abstract, but it is not literal. Let’s look at the precedent that I have chosen for my precedent analysis project. The Crystal Cathedral does not look like your typical church. It looks like an obnoxiously large glass business building. There is no sign of the cross unless you are looking from above, in which case the plan view resembles a cross. This building is not obvious about the purpose it serves until the interior is experienced. The Gothic Revival during eclecticism contradicts this idea of “virtual”. In England, the Gothic Revival during the 19th century coincides with a religious movement. “The revival of the Gothic style in England coincided with, and gave support to, a liturgical reform. The Gothic Revival phase of eclecticism that emerged in the 1840s in England was linked with a liturgical movement within the English Anglican church” (Roth, 480). When one sees a Gothic church, they instantly know that it is linked to Catholicism. This is a very literal concept. Virtual concepts are found within the interior as well. Experiencing an interior can be virtual in that a space can have a certain impact on you, but you won’t be able to put your finger on what makes it so effective. In fact, I think that the layering of elements and ideas within a space makes the interaction that much more virtual.<br /><br /></div><div>I believe that the main word to focus on this week is public/private. All four other words are the determinants of what makes a space public or private. For example, the craft of a residence will often be greater in that of residency than that of an office building. Why? Because in residential design, the designer is designing on a more personal level, and creating things within the space that relate to the client. Details might be traditional or more organic or geometric depending on the taste of a client, while office building design needs to be more generic, or applicable to all people. Technique is also important in terms of public or private. </div></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-3664994237609425772009-04-08T08:11:00.000-07:002009-04-08T08:13:18.201-07:00Precedent Analysis Essay: Draft 1<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The cycle of design is dependent upon the borrowing of building styles from previous eras. These buildings that are the foundation of another design are called precedents. Precedents are used throughout the history of architecture and design to inspire those styles to come. The Crystal Cathedral is a major example of a building that is a potential precedent for the future of religious architecture.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Before the Garden Grove Cathedral existed a small “drive-in church”, founded by Rev. Robert Schuller and his wife, in Garden Grove, California. This drive-in replicated that of a drive-in movie: lots of space for parked cars and a projector screen in the front. The popularity of these services increased as word was spread. However, as the local congregation grew to be near 10,000, it was necessary to build a new church to house all of these people In 1970, Schuller approached architect Philip Johnson, asking him if he would build a larger structure. Schuller had desired to have a chapel made out of glass, to create the same drive-in interaction. This demand for a bigger church led to the design of the “Crystal Cathedral” by Johnson and his partner, John Burgee. The construction of the Garden Grove cathedral was completed and opened to the public in 1980. This church accommodates about 3000 worshippers along with 1,000 musicians. It houses the “Hour of Power”; a religious television program that is so popular, it is now international.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The crystal cathedral reaches a height of 128 feet, while spanning 415 feet in length and 207 feet in width. The exterior is constructed of silver-colored glass held in place by 16,000 white steel trusses. On the interior, the area for musicians was constructed of marble imported from Spain. The altar and pulpit are made of granite, and the 17-foot cross at the front is made from wood and 18-karat gold. Balconies are held in place by white concrete columns. The Crystal Cathedral was built with consideration to the popularity of earthquakes in California. It is designed to withstand an earthquake of 8.0 and winds up to 100 miles an hour. The spire is comprised of stainless steel prisms. The Crystal cathedral is cruciform in plan; however, the crossing lines come to a point. The interior is laid out so that the altar and pulpit are at the front, and clearly separate from the audience. There is a middle seating section with one aisle on each side, and then there are also two raised balconies, each coming from opposite points. Light is a crucial element in design, as Johnson uses a complete façade of glass. This translucency allows for the entrance of light, particularly during the daytime. This sunlight causes the Cathedral to sparkle in a sacred way. Doors behind the pulpit also open to allow sunlight as well as breezes into the space. The structure system is clear in the interior, as Johnson does not try to hide the trusses, but instead, exposes them so that light can protrude through.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The Crystal Cathedral is one building. It is a unified whole. Its parts consist of its commodity, firmness and delight. First, it accommodates the amount of people in the church congregation, and then those who travel to this church from all over the world to participate in the “Hour of Power”. It accommodates its intended function of religious worship and entertainment, providing a space for religious service. Its structure is extremely firm, as I spoke of before. The manipulative trusses make the expanded ceiling possible, while the columns provide for withstanding of earthquakes and high winds. The structural organization also has a hierarchy to it. At the front point of the church stands the altar and pulpit. This is the hearth of the church, where the most important person stands, or where the most important people sing. Then comes the court, where the people sit. The people are also given importance in this space as seating spans the entire width of the church. Last but not least, this cathedral provides delight in its appearance. It is illuminated, like the heavens, to create an extreme effect of worship upon those inside. It is also delightful in its unique difference from a typical church. The light gives the cathedral a sense of life that could not be achieved in an enclosed church, and the use of natural materials such as wood and marble achieve the virtual idea of being outside, while actually still inside.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The Crystal Cathedral pulls away from the traditional religious spaces that we have studied in history. I have complete faith that this structure that breaks the rules will have an extreme impact on other spaces. I think this abstract worship space will give way to the rise of many other contemporary cathedrals across the country, if not the world. Some may argue that this huge structure takes away from the religious tradition. However, a religion is a religion despite the place where it is worshipped. I think the Crystal Cathedral provides the community with new ideas about how to design spaces for the public, and I know this building will become a prototype for those in the future.<div><br /></div><div>information from <a href="http://www.crystalcathedral.org/">here</a><br /><br /></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-11035651292509811162009-04-02T14:38:00.000-07:002009-04-02T14:40:55.168-07:003rd Skin: Playing with Light<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6yZufmXH6X9huPJIqYvaUgRPLT_t8oUuVaGyQdF-UOLG-2vv25tYZ9pwUmf-UjxPOCQxpFPAGdciFtfRKZyic35w6fqtkIQ_lQkAINah95l39kii1f4qp01YtFVQ1xDfldMlcEnj-UWsw/s1600-h/DSC00059.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6yZufmXH6X9huPJIqYvaUgRPLT_t8oUuVaGyQdF-UOLG-2vv25tYZ9pwUmf-UjxPOCQxpFPAGdciFtfRKZyic35w6fqtkIQ_lQkAINah95l39kii1f4qp01YtFVQ1xDfldMlcEnj-UWsw/s320/DSC00059.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5320212123052971330" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM5kaLutUA3z7zTelXlMpWMKl8NygyrcrCndmdPpLh-5T81Tp5K2MDEUIJC6heg-jySZs4soTuWQehA06T1KBOjqJNmYVAJCdBZ3CM54b_NafF3WsMnJUNe6hlVD4RwSKSu7kU80RC5YuZ/s1600-h/DSC00053.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM5kaLutUA3z7zTelXlMpWMKl8NygyrcrCndmdPpLh-5T81Tp5K2MDEUIJC6heg-jySZs4soTuWQehA06T1KBOjqJNmYVAJCdBZ3CM54b_NafF3WsMnJUNe6hlVD4RwSKSu7kU80RC5YuZ/s320/DSC00053.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5320212115417030722" /></a>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-38256303926362894902009-03-31T19:01:00.000-07:002009-04-01T13:08:44.847-07:00[re]actions<span style="font-weight:bold;"><span style=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Rotation: (rotate)- to turn or cause to turn about an axis or a center; to alternate in a series</span><br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 203px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhns6JuykpMUl2dDsIr90rmYAnU1XYJ6J_4uZdAuw-zkevJEF43yBGz0r1KxmssCECi7xkaWJnJ2f0GEwjbIy2UCPaTPwFfNWyp1O0I8ZbziY20kPiCu4fntr4vWITNJRQ25mQRTI28FmzZ/s320/nicole+rotation.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319815643758680962" />Rotation and cycle coexist. The design cycle is not one large cycle, but a series of smaller ones. Different styles rotate in transition from one style, to the next, and then back to the beginning style. This rotation mocks the rotation in a design process. The designer starts with a main concept, and then out of that, gets multiple possibilities for a product, and then chooses one possibility that is the best representation of the beginning concept. A new element was added into this rotation during the Aesthetic movement: japonisme. This new style in design would permanently modify interior design in both England and America. “The naturalistic forms of Morris’s surface patterns and japonisme were among the inspirations of the first great design style of the twentieth century, Art Nouveau” (Massey, 29). Art Nouveau was the beginning of a new development in architecture. On a more literal level, rotation affects the way people see a design. Depending on which way a person is looking at something, or which way that thing is rotated, there is a different perspective. This literal concept also connects back to the “whole” concept of rotation. </span></span><br /></span><img src="http://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gif" alt="Align Right" border="0" class="gl_align_right" /><br /><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Movement: the act or process of moving; a series of organized activities working towards an objective</span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 192px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg63DQTuhJ2zoiEHxLywLap_z4XKpw9VkqmR1D5uFj6emtKYx_ihW4grHr2ZCwW_X3PH-x1mny3p98YB7wqNwHLrnbyhUrLs7whXK7Tjl6mKJaHIPp0TDKK14zJcbvv_i6Azw3AYfOlBATb/s320/nicole068.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319815658213267922" /><br /></div></div><div>Movement is a major element of composition. Movement makes a design dynamic. Even in a 2-dimensional plane, if a decoration creates movement, a new dimension is added. Movement is constantly being emphasized in both our design and drawing classes. In studio, our most recent project was about the celebration of light. I believe that this celebration is most successful through movement or direction. In my artifact, I created direction for light, so that the movement through negative space was clear. Movement can also be made in a 2-d drawing through the use of light and shadow, contrasting the two. Movement is also seen in many designs throughout history. Directing the eye is important in architecture, because it is usually used to put emphasis on the most important parts of a building. For example, in Bernini’s Baldacchino, the eye is drawn upward and downward with the spiral. This movement is also symbolic in that the eye moves from the earths to the heavens in a sacred place. Movement can also be created through choice of shape.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Reflection: (reflect)- to bend or cast back (as light, heat or sound); to give back a likeness or image of as a mirror does; to bring as a result</span></div><div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 285px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfZTn-MZx5Y7h2009jobN58tjPsvqb7EwsFgad5SmKjN-9kKwr3ewq_8ofisZkrQPHp1SNQO0ufcXjmvZE5j2ci5bl8HURSZm1DhWvmd_HgWYKHmogyoE5dDCR8yvB5m9FA5Sl-HKuuP2U/s320/nicole067.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319815655428305906" />Reflection allows for improvement in design. When a designer is going through the process to come up with a product, he or she must constantly be reflecting on the previous ideas in order for further development. The designer must have the ability to recognize what mistakes have been made, what paths to avoid, what materials would work best, etc. He or she must be asking questions such as “How can I make this better? What other ways might have more effective </div><div>results? What if I did this?”…And so on and so forth. This all has to do with reflection, or reference to what has previously been successful or unsuccessful. I stumbled upon reflection many times during the creation of my 3rd skin. I made multiple models before I reached one that worked. Each iteration was based on successes, or lack thereof, of the previous model. Reflection has made itself obvious through history of design. The designers are constantly looking back in time and recalling which designs were successful and which weren’t. For example, in the Crystal Palace of New York, designers decided to use a dome roof. However, recalling that there were some issues building the dome on the Pantheon out of concrete, the dome of the Crystal Palace was constructed from glass and iron, much sturdier products. In the nineteenth century, people reflected on the works of Morris and his followers for influence. “American interior design was profoundly influenced by the reforming ethics and naturalistic style of Morris and his followers […] “ (Massey, 19). Reflection is important in order to reach success- not only in design, but also in most careers. It is important for people to reflect on their education, as well as life experiences, and apply those to their work.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Source: origin, beginning; a supplier of information</span><br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 206px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuormuGUaAj0TmxS0dSaGYx-Bix8AMuHYgJpAfK-8HhK6D-Yk9wbPObHFKY42UbrQ0M6WLyLu2h5MNAnJQKOUQSHNUhOkzhyuDY97o0P_fhVt290WrMRLjzm2o0VZl_ceC9X7WViwD103v/s320/nicolesource.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319815659320965714" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>Sources are crucial to the development of design. A source could be something as literal as a precedent, a book, or a magazine, but it could also be something that involves more thought, like an item from nature, or a specific material, or a particular color. Sources provide inspiration as a first step in the design process. For our 3rd skin project in environmental design, we were asked to write a story about a celebration that was important to us, and then we were asked to find a natural artifact that was inspiring. We were to take these two sources and create an artifact that celebrated a light source. This process of taking something as small as a twig and creating an elaborate design from it has been routine since the beginning of the history of design. We see it as early as the Renaissance, where artists, sculptors and architects are taking previous pieces as precedents, and developing on them to create new ideas. This idea continues up to the nineteenth century. In the first chapter, Massey emphasizes the importance of writings on interior design. “ John Ruskin, who influenced taste in interior design through his writings on art in The Times newspaper and his books, such as The Seven Lamps of Architecture and The Stones of Venice” (Massey, 10). Ruskin was just one of many who wrote pieces to influence architecture. “Baillie Scott’s influential article for The Studio of January 1985 entitled ‘An Ideal Suburban House’ included plans for an adventurous layout” (Massey, 17). Still today, many buildings that are designed resemble others, and this is most likely because one acts as a source of inspiration for the other.</div><div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Illuminate: to supply or brighten with light, light up; to make clear; to decorate with designs or pictures in gold or colors</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 158px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgArhVj7ZgkqDUrDf9rfa4oLeRMWrv1urF8iOM__-zv9f0xRgTmS5DpKlJ72DgAZhZp_8UF2ADv-NUeTynjm4FotclqlA5lIT6Me6F94MRiSvztfd9-b5hx6prXsQPNmzaVafQsNtKL-thP/s320/nicoleperspective006.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319815666970178210" /></span>Illumination can be looked at in two different ways. The first definition is “to brighten with light”. This pertains to our studio and drawing projects. First, in studio, our artifact should be illuminated by or further illuminate light. In drawing, we are also asked to look at light and use it to illuminate light and emphasize shadow to enforce depth in perspectives. However, this meaning of illuminate is actually extremely literal. To make clear is a deeper definition. Illumination is crucial in design because in order for a designer to be understood, he or she must be able to illuminate, or make clear, the important aspects of a design. This is particularly important when speaking to a client who, most of the time, does not have any design experience. Illumination of key points will help the client understand where the designers idea is coming from, and how the designer plans to incorporate different elements of design (i.e. Gestalt Principles) within a space. This illumination has been a major part of history, as it is a part of the architecture parlent found in the transition from style to style. Each style refers back to the previous; illuminating what has been taken from that style to make a new. This illumination has been spoken about through each time period (Egypt, Greece, Rome, Renaissance, Baroque, etc.) This illumination of a previous era is clear in the nineteenth century goal to revive gothic architecture into daily secular buildings. “For Pugin, Gothic was an expression of a just and Christian society in contrast to nineteenth-century industrial society with its social ills” (Massey, 9). To this day, we are building churches with precedents and ideas in mind, and most of the time, our results will illuminate the important aspects of those previous designs.<br /><br /><br /></div><div>The projects that we did this week, both in studio and drawing/drafting, all involve these five words. The 3rd skin project in studio took a source of light, and used that light to illuminate an artifact. This artifact would either reflect, or allow for the translation of light, in a space. During the critique, Stoel would often pick up the artifacts, bring them to the wall under the light track, and rotate them to explore the different shadows it would cast. Depending on the angle that a person looked at this artifact, the movement of light would be different. For example, if the artifact were below the light, the light would move from above through the artifact, but if the artifact were adjacent to the light, it would move from side to side. This project was a process that also involved the words above, in the ways that I explained. The drawing/drafting project was another process that used all five words. We were to create a space with furniture that illuminated our own styles. We were to pay attention to light source, which would influence how we rendered our perspectives. Depending on where there were reflections and illuminations, we were asked to use light and shadow. This light and shadow created movement within the interaction of pieces in the space. The perspectives were detailed enough so that one could rotate it in their head and know where each piece of furniture was in multiple views. This, too, was a process of design, which generally involves all five of the above. As I have stated multiple times, all five of these words apply both specifically and generally to history. This is due to the constant cycle of past, present, future and the development of new ideas.<br /><br /></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-30625327725466755702009-03-26T21:08:00.000-07:002009-04-21T20:18:19.594-07:00Unit Summary: Alternatives<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidXHCwrDXfABcYF3cXMTYgBFUOiHSJWxj3FSi0bVBiCVRsCYYjKdpQAqVzqGDmggtfYeznmTYd2yDT0p5UaZcaXopVnTY8Lno_gsbz7XNpKL437ATyT9LZH_1mHcvS_Lap7WSDOq5JXg9M/s1600-h/3001608272_ca9cc37668.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 180px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidXHCwrDXfABcYF3cXMTYgBFUOiHSJWxj3FSi0bVBiCVRsCYYjKdpQAqVzqGDmggtfYeznmTYd2yDT0p5UaZcaXopVnTY8Lno_gsbz7XNpKL437ATyT9LZH_1mHcvS_Lap7WSDOq5JXg9M/s320/3001608272_ca9cc37668.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327349759975317698" /></a><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com">^ Cathedrale Notre Dam</a>e</div>Our previous knowledge of foundations has helped us make connections with a new unit: alternatives. The alternatives unit is about knowing the architecture beyond the basics. How did the foundations of architecture affect what came next? The foundations set precedents for the next time peiriod. The alternatives unit correlates to the word “revision”, as the Medieval (gothic), Renaissance, Baroque and Rococco eras all took architecture from the foundations (Egypt, Greece & Rome) and reshaped it to create a new.<br /><br />The Gothic era began with the rise of Christianity. As this religion’s importance expanded horizontally, the churches grew vertically. Gothic cathedrals aimed to bring heaven to earth. Cathedrals are a place of worship away from the outsie world. For example, at Amiens, the door is where the transformation begins. Yje emtrance is designed with scultptures of human figures from the bible. As one moves inside the cathedral, intricacy of etail becomes greater. It is designed in a cruciform shape, the intersection being where the significant moment between heaven and earth happens. The columns are extremely decorative and the use of windows in the nave lights up the church, making it a heavenly place. This idea of heaven “ambushes reality” (The Amiens Trilogy: Part 2) and provides the “ideal” place for escape.<br /><br />After the Gothic came the Renaissance. The renaissance was a period of rebirth, during which architects took aspects from the ancient world to create a new style of architecture. For example, Brunelleschi built the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore through inspiration by the pantheon. However, he built it differently, through the use of a cloister vault, with 2 octagonal domes inside one another and chained tension holding them up. This was the newest effort beyond the Ancient World. Also during this time period, Gestalt principles evolved, such as balance, symmetry and rhythm. These aspects were extremely important, as they conformed to the goals of the Renaissance: to be formally organized, but still visually pleasing. There was an unwritten book of rules that overpowered the Renaissance. People never broke these rules. Also important in the Renaissance was an increased focus on private spaces. Along with churches, palazzos and villas were being built. Palazzos became the most important form of architecture next to churches, because they were built for families. The villas were introduced when wealthy families sought a place of escape from city life. With the land in the countryside, complementary gardens were built with the villas. The Renaissance was all about taking the best of the Ancient World and making it new again.<br /><br />Last is the Baroque/Roccoco era. These 2 styles go together because they occurred simultaneously in different regions. However, both styles are quite similar. The noticeable difference is that Roccoco detail is a bit more calm, with paler colors and lots of whites. The Baroque era introduced fluidity, or rather movement, in architecture. This movement was a way of pushing the boundaries of the Renaissance and breaking the rules. This trend was started by Michaelangelo, and continued to be a focus until the French Enlightenment. All of a sudden, the movement was created by excessive decoration and theatricality in design. Everything was overexaggerated. The Baroque era was a shifted mindset that brought new ideas to the table. The use of water became crucial in designs such as the Trevi Fountain and San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (The Chapel of Four Fountains). Water also becomes a major part of design through landscape, whether in fountain or pond form. In a garden, a water “fixture” can usually be found where axes cross.<br /><br />All of these ideas give way to the technologies unit, beginning with the French Enlightenment. During the beginning of Neoclassicism, the rules are revised and recreated once again. Design moves inside the box in preparation for even more rule-breaking as new technologies arise.Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-18832294940971675542009-03-25T06:43:00.001-07:002009-03-25T07:11:27.221-07:00Grammar: Syntax<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">[re]vision:<br /><br /></span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">revise: to look over something written in order to correct or improve; to make a new version of<br />vision: a vivid picture created by the imagination</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 293px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5-Bn7Ptb47pWXlUAZiRo5ftVwy5j6VLcP7BbmM4GXusbbKkDIGbzArSL1Cq4azbV9ttaCQ1MQOXGbcCNq-oQ8QWLtXYA-xHUxJr-uSPwVsMH0m4dlbf1J-mGppCymtnjucMHx47f4MBtQ/s320/REVISION3.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317123103011453362" /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 289px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7x4OB9RaOAmcrxfC1ImYSOw8ORza8mA2ggXNmXeb8Sb-juGeLnoiSz33rrlUMxuyU207-vF9NTOV7k2UyCyCHzVsL04XS2hoKTthYCCv4eGpzBmUjVtSHLtzfPqXbeBtVpMmPTBQZfc3h/s320/REVISION2.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317123097369387410" /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 291px; height: 298px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLWUjCtYI_GHt3bCniilbjUm_UuPdiy-QjhlyCC_xmWdcwAxyL6pesHiCSVxJ2tiHkDszdMKo4xujtlyLtnmlBZxgPY3202u8ISu5VcqnttDNLbrtz9ZwExaBU8GGu6E0R1dz78G_-Rsod/s320/REVISION1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317123095110573298" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">^ [Re]vision: Borrowing from a natural artifact to create abstract pattern</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">s</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Believe it or not, architecture is ABOUT revision. From the Ancient World up to the 20th century, bits and pieces of architecture were constantly being revised. For example, the Egyptians revised the artificial mountain in Mesopotamia to become the pyramid. The Romans revised the Greek Orders to create what are called pilasters. In fact, the word “Renaissance” means rebirth. The people of the Renaissance took parts of Ancient Architecture and revised it to the revival of gothic and classical architecture. The conformity to these rules during the Renaissance led to the transition into the Baroque Era. Baroque architecture took the Renaissance rules and pushed these boundaries, revising the rules yet again. The excessively decorative Baroque style eventually calmed down to accommodate the theme of the Rococco era, which consisted of more pale colors, and less ornament. These three architectures (Classical, Baroque, Roccoco) were then combined with antiquity to form the Neoclassical architecture. “Generally, plans were less complicated […] reflecting the influence of the Roman baths of antiquity” (Blakemore 286). Neoclassical architecture is the beginning of the Reflections unit because it writes an entirely new book of rules for reflecting both Ancient and Renaissance tactics in its architecture. Without a doubt, revising to reach the highest potential possible, while still maintaining a language with the borrowed culture, is a main goal in architecture. We are learning about revision and more revision as we build multiple iterations and draw and revise drawings. Revision is what has brought us the variety of architecture we see today, and styles will continue to be revised throughout the future. Maybe some day we’ll revise architecture to build skyscrapers to the moon?<br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">audience: an opportunity of being heard; an assembly of listeners or spectator</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">s</span></span></div><div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 267px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMHnGZUaV7j1hjP7ctKyJ6zjyE1yDHhkoiMKO37S6lsKc6CFWFoKttaqqE9xLhOCdoapmkr6fMkhydSyLpWBQjjBs1DFM9LJL0cK3bR6kNtczXm3Mlnbjgms51eHnpT7iyknSsUwrGjgl/s320/audienceTA.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317123103916808722" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">^The designer thinks about his audience as he works to create a concept</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Audience is an incredibly important aspect to consider in design. Who are you designing for? The client(s) influences many decisions you make, such as what type of diagram to show and what type of style to choose. It is important that a designer gets to know their audience. This way, he or she will be able to design accordingly. The designer will know what colors to use, what style of furniture to use, what their space will be used for, etc. Society has always played a huge role in design, because architects take into consideration what time period they are designing for. This is what makes each era so different from the next. For example, during the Gothic period, excess attention was paid to churches due to the increasing importance of Christianity. During the Georgian Baroque, and into the neoclassical era, power and hierarchy was a main societal focus, which led to the building of palaces, complemented by luxurious gardens. The Neoclassical era aimed for classicism and antiquity at one time. “To begin with, on the one hand, the classical traditionalists looked longingly to the arts of the Grand Siecle as their source of inspiration, and, on the other hand, the antiquarians sought to rely on the firsthand knowledge of the ancients through the study of archaeological remains” (Blakemore,283). Nowadays, architects are beginning to build based on a growing need for sustainability. Because of Global Warming, it is important that architects are doing whatever possible to build “green”. Also important to consider is the concept of function. How will this building be used? Not only is it crucial to consider the present use, but also the future use. This idea of looking to the future is called universal design. If a building is universal, it can accommodate many different functions and people.<br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">character: a symbol of representation; a distinguishing featur</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">e</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">;</span></span></div><div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 222px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbJJcCm5-j9jc46D628EAN0LYYGJ3vb8UNOcQBl9Yu8YK74Z0aN3O5KYtzEfg91109qy32YdZ_olsnl6mo73z8taWBrmdWQaqeV4i58N35xmdJGm5i3bq9PKujNzsgU56BDeWG0NgCoz6y/s320/characterartichokelamp.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317123113020486738" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">^The unique design of this chandelier to resemble an artichoke gives it its character</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">The character of a design develops from the three necessities: commodity, firmness and delight. Most of the time, a design is made to fit all three of these aspects. This means that a design will accommodate a time period or audience, be structurally stable to withstand disaster, and be aesthetically pleasing. Different features are usually dependent on time period. For example, the use of the oval in spatial planning marks the beginning of the Baroque era. “One of the primary characteristics of the Baroque period was a sense of movement, and one way to achieve this was to use oval spaces rather than round” (Blakemore, 156). The repetition of facades to create a palace from townhouses is characteristic of the French enlightenment. Pale colors and the use of gold décor is a character during the Roccoco era. Features also depend on the wishes of the client. Usually, a client will tell you what he or she likes or doesn’t like, and as a designer, you work from there to figure out how you should design the space. The features of this design will be different from those of another because the clients are different, and probably have different ideas of what they want.<br /><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">transition:a passage from one state, place, stage or subject to another</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Transition shapes the history of design. As I already stated above, transitions from one style to another have been about revision, or one era borrowing from the previous and elaborating on that style. In the beginning of the semester, we spoke about the cycle of architecture, and the constant overlap of one style with the next. This overlap is the result of many different aspects; the most important one (in my opinion) is the passage of time. When an era of new architecture begins, it develops in one area, and then spreads to many others. So, as an example, while France was moving on from the Baroque era into Neoclassicism, Baroque was still lingering in England (Georgian Baroque). “The tendency on the part of traditionalists such as Gabriel to look to the period of Louis XIV as their source of inspiration was also transitional. Although the design derivation is evident, the execution was more disciplined” (Blakemore, 290). The passing of time assists transition, but transitions have a tendency to be simultaneous, which seems incredibly contradictory to the organized timeline of architecture. Transition goes hand in hand with the constant development of new ideas. Overlap also occurs because most new ideas have some relation to previous ones, in that the new ideas piggyback off of the old, or use bits and pieces. This idea of one idea leading to another is also obvious in the process of design. In order for a designer to reach a final product, he or she must transition from what is usually an extremely broad idea, and specify the idea more and more as the process goes on.<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">datum: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">a single piece of data</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 192px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY07jqjf5PPKyAHIXSEsPUZV_w5Wp3alFMvKc03LjdpzDo8h6uFmu0qrQF8NyaGg-MiRNpp7P4apv1x4Fe5f0BH1_89zSxbA4OsNUVOIwyCbcwc2uBAXTvxSNSxWYZDo4uuPHOffJPoAE9/s320/datum+sofa1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317124330409598482" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">^This sofa has a datum that could be considered unclear. Does this look like a sofa to you? It also refuses to rotate: another datum issue.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Architecture usually has a datum, or one single piece of “data” that tells its story. However, I look at the word “datum” as being more of a statement of purpose than a piece of data. For example, the datum in the Pantheon is the oculus. The oculus makes obvious the intention to connect heaven and earth. A datum is important because it provides information beyond the exterior. It’s a useful way to create a transition from one space to another, incorporating hierarchy of one space over the next. For example, in the Georgian Baroque, more attention was paid to public activities in spatial planning. “A new approach to space planning typified the residences of te period from about 1720 to 1770. Versatility in planning to accommodate social events was the motivating force for this change” (Blakemore, 250). This way of organizing space based on hierarchy has been used from the get go. In the pyramids, the most important space (the tomb) was usually set in the very back, under the ground, so that the journey became more personal the deeper into the pyramid. The same remains in the tripartite system of porch, court, hearth. The porch is the most public and the hearth is the most private. In fact, this spatial planning still exists today. Usually, one walks through the main entrance of a home into a foyer, where people gather, and then there is the dining/living area and the kitchen, which are also areas for entertainment. Then, whether its on the second floor or branching off into a hallway, are the bedrooms and bathrooms, or more private spaces.<br /><br />All 5 of these words create a language, or an “architecture parlent”. A design is created from a transition (moving from one to the other) between styles, leading to [re]vision (or borrowing and recreating) of previous eras. This design is then communicated to an audience (whether a client or people of a time period) through character (distinguishing features) and a datum (an obvious statement of purpose). This architecture parlent is crucial for the communication of design. If architecture did not have a language, it would be impossible to connect buildings to everyday life. It would be impossible to relate the interior of a building to an exterior. When we spoke about Architecture Parlent on Monday, we spoke of all the things that played roles in understanding a language. A major part of this concept is syntax, or sentence structure. Perhaps in English it is about sentence structure, but as far as architecture goes, syntax has to do with the organization of process as well as interrelation. </span></div></div></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-68551517824342828702009-03-19T13:11:00.000-07:002009-03-19T13:33:05.689-07:00Drafting Portfolio<img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_J9wfnR-ax6b0gFX5m4cayCPVtbDN9KIuZcqFgew8Kn47q8U2_NYvTqmw_jEUqBPkQ5i9NWGmBTyTJPC2Q6a1MN-SC_yMo-Xa8DCS8jnbBi5zTHopP4WV5r-G_1kWzQwfaXeBammoEl9K/s320/DSC00010.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314996083025976178" /><div style="text-align: center;">^Axonometric View of 600-1200' Room</div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguxBZJkiI9toOtPbOA0JiKw7G6FVehmeMb68Yi87-QeZeLwfrtUcNT8kYj2l-UGzpnUdJAfHDynRXRevGsQV91D-IdTUkgKTz6UgogUXtyks_O9ObRF4rB19cpxtQDQEugdl9R-Iyes4bF/s320/DSC00008.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314995121324675762" /><div style="text-align: center;">^ Section Views of 600-1200' Room</div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrUsDf9RJldbenPtGg5_YLFuFXfj_9_LpPjmOlKteZQ9MpsaoKgyevALmZERP8sWSFEYeQFzaubDtggVbDgdkLOU-T7bGL4I8fWds7puBuePgBg7LZTahm8rrRkCIMNq2MUYpJOqHthR6/s320/DSC00007.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314995112790865602" /><div style="text-align: center;">^Plan View of 600-1200' Room</div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2yDJnP3PZ_WiMiAzw0Al9SeDGn0aXI75EDCxfLP6ubeyPuddYT1z_3JMPhEb_itZSSj4Fgy-_qVl2KSmiiQYTMv7X9HmA_-r6HH-MFszx58QjE-9I7by1WMhvk9wzkmBGY4-vvBSAfJqR/s320/DSC00005.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314995111157418338" /><div style="text-align: center;">^ Plan View of Critique Room</div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIJNkis1TIEqmiTCQ5kkL6U_Qgmg57MUj7EPVVl6bOdkAODiKzSSKbKmL36-hKO1n44kbHYHgwl7EtaILJ4a4-hm63m7SMH4pg8uZ0gXZPJSFEPQ9PT2v8BKRkOGjljLylru07lShG95xG/s320/DSC00009.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314998853268126674" /><div style="text-align: center;">Pat's Chair: Plan Oblique</div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuAZMZ6BJPwHWQQgAusJ3GXFNMMcAD7EoiED1YcTfu5iVOr8YJsaQ16-2Ry0C5owzSZxi_ULjZWHAMr4aDmesodVnJoBKWale_UO2ucmJQvkv7aor8bE4aOvs_-XmyMUbH3TVPFVWY4X1c/s320/DSC00014.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314997297273557570" /><div style="text-align: center;">^ Pats Chair: Isometric View<br /></div><div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzc9U6CqgsfvSwjWvmLvTNMIBkm58gxv9jcfiSa9QZ1xAtxcQJvlByTZrxJ4UFq557aYOtFrtjpBIKf4dpT87heFZswZHXhnYD8fIG7oMheT2YLN8Z8q6nOwO7bjMNQdIjZBgt3UqZpuuy/s320/DSC00003.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314995109985240610" /><div style="text-align: center;">^Pat's Chair: Elevation Oblique</div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsEKDM9jrthZcx4PxVJCj1KYLM4uDDSSu9qvj4zVhVf8dQjMVpwiaeLtzrpj1w3ubcG850aQzglkDx2xQMMQB-fCDzQ9k0MJYYUD-9_Ffxlj3T8LEq0XZpR_Cwjq84kkqkzXtO9kMN-MhF/s320/DSC00013.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314996095845969458" /><div style="text-align: center;">^ Section Cuts of Pat's Chair</div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNPiMQ5oR-wgTBeeWR5elbWHKbEmvdIa404pkK-zpeqymMK4fGGCFSXd8Uw4WvloM0VgorC2JJ8PACQ8-7rXHCOBrIyZuTbwLZv0t5MeuZEbUmpfdarztvZ3s-cyrgRFWUBqIYyx7t_f6/s320/DSC00012.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314998849596171682" /><div style="text-align: center;">^ Pat's Chair: Elevations</div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4XUD8afYWM074b3uQWEpuot33NpToRABqBjuietvCg3JZqP22-26uD079lyiHEewqM3-9gLMXbArmy6eXUQS4ANpSfQmv1xSGUcYmbku_q-OL-o9lLDBEftNb5goKoEHHVQlk-VynfeMJ/s320/DSC00011.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314996091415627154" /><div style="text-align: center;">^Plan View of Pat's Chair</div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDLM-WiKdgFDNPO6x-SWUQlbF6RTSdwUiBRFForiHi73jJuWNTomlBYdZWPMIsjfUnKzAJXbDUOte3_ZdNQLUNTT6vfRFc9v39H8Gb2zK2Eq1ewQsqDNGsAdAJ583JDayFDiCTsYr3YYes/s1600-h/DSC00001.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDLM-WiKdgFDNPO6x-SWUQlbF6RTSdwUiBRFForiHi73jJuWNTomlBYdZWPMIsjfUnKzAJXbDUOte3_ZdNQLUNTT6vfRFc9v39H8Gb2zK2Eq1ewQsqDNGsAdAJ583JDayFDiCTsYr3YYes/s320/DSC00001.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314995107604596930" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ First Lettering Exercise</div></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-78120802340012872882009-03-18T19:19:00.000-07:002009-03-18T19:45:45.435-07:00Precedent Analysis: Deliverables<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">OUTLINE</span><br /><br />The Garden Grove Cathedral- Philip Johnson<br /><br />I. Introduction (Why I chose this building and why I think it is important that it be analyzed)<br /><br />II. Body (Analysis)<br /><br />a. History of the building<br />i. Why was it built?<br />ii. When?<br />iii. By who?<br />iv. What was its context?<br />v. How does it represent commodity?<br /><br />b. Structure<br />i. Mass & form (form and parts)<br />ii. Material and finish (materials used both inside and outside)<br />iii. Geometry and arrangement (organization principles)<br />iv. Natural vs artificial light (incorporation of light in structure)<br />v. Tectonic and mechanic (how structure systems are shown in building)<br /><br />c. Concepts<br />i. Unit and whole (how is this building a whole to create unity?)<br />ii. Additive vs subtractive (positive versus negative space?)<br />iii. Hierarchy and system (What is made important and What is not?)<br />iv. Gesture and symbol (what cultural/social/religious meaning does it serve?)<br />v. Values and hopes (how do the above come together to be delightful?)<br /><br />III. Conclusion (How does this building act as a prototype for buildings to come? How does it affect the religious aspect of architecture? What hope does it bring for the future?)<div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">ACCOUNTED VIEWS:</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">1. interior perspective- watercolor</span></span></div><div>2. interior perspective- pen and ink</div><div>3. exterior 1 point perspective- watercolor</div><div>4. exterior 2 point perspective- colored pencil</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">5. exterior 3 point perspective- marker</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">6. plan- pen</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">7. interior elevation- watercolor</span></span></div><div>8. interior elevation- marker</div><div>9. exterior elevation- pen</div><div>10. section cut- pen</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">QUESTIONS/CONCERNS</span></div><div>Is this good? =) I think I'm pretty set right now. Maybe some comments on my outline? Pretty please?</div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-19028356413473131702009-03-17T19:44:00.000-07:002009-03-18T13:58:46.529-07:00P Week<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Periphery: The external boundary of any surface or area; the edge of outskirts</span><div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuweKZ9wFNAPmDvZXrVwDu0V8E4a8p_YPFPpMbUaWW2voeGmqQKsFua5GpB9ML9WOXLh0_cZzd39FoZzNbGYTAkl4NZrgNc4FUz-hvtbX3nuKwslE9BJgwElu5Ll2MM-1a4kwfRXz7ZNqP/s1600-h/messyroom014.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br /></span><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-EaoqSHTiNIDupTdFnIyQ5KXk9KZ-Uvqt44ZzSAvWNU3ihi_cEoz6bLWKH-VKbBPQiB81_aATGgMK8AH6QdDFah7xi7dy8Vnu-ah-cE-9VRcTEcj90P4FfpbR7sr-leiqusjgcUoHMBk5/s320/2667581253_b6706e933d.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314633873264806098" /><div style="text-align: center;">^ Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome</div><img style="text-decoration: underline;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 243px; height: 320px; " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuweKZ9wFNAPmDvZXrVwDu0V8E4a8p_YPFPpMbUaWW2voeGmqQKsFua5GpB9ML9WOXLh0_cZzd39FoZzNbGYTAkl4NZrgNc4FUz-hvtbX3nuKwslE9BJgwElu5Ll2MM-1a4kwfRXz7ZNqP/s320/messyroom014.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314623240942336050" /></a></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238);"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">^ A peripheral vision of my dorm room; my roommate probably wanted to hurt me.</div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpud21w60oLWnHShqoXZHy0CeaIKJL-lW682w3K6X-e1qsDAHkWfYbL414zmK5XGw10Y46kGorNYE3v3x9H9Jp3cpxz16Xt2gSJzCZHOfcOdumNcej5IZn9NwZGDVhJoU9cbTe-veuGe30/s1600-h/design+periphery.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 250px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpud21w60oLWnHShqoXZHy0CeaIKJL-lW682w3K6X-e1qsDAHkWfYbL414zmK5XGw10Y46kGorNYE3v3x9H9Jp3cpxz16Xt2gSJzCZHOfcOdumNcej5IZn9NwZGDVhJoU9cbTe-veuGe30/s320/design+periphery.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314623805195096946" /></a><br />When I hear the word periphery, I think of peripheral vision, or rather, the limited amount of space that can be seen at one time. For example, in the above drawing, this is all one sees when in my room: a big mess. This thought collides with the actual definition of the word “periphery”. More than once have we seen boundaries within architecture. In fact, the word “boundary” has been an opus word. Considering that I have already talked about boundaries, I will not repeat myself. I will, however, talk about figurative boundaries and how they apply to the process of design. As we have learned about this constant transition from era to era, I have noticed how different limitations have been placed on opportunities. For example, the Renaissance aimed for rebirth. They wanted to leave gothic architecture behind and create new forms based on classicism. The Renaissance was all about humanism. This practice of humanism only allowed for architecture that supported its theory: “Humanism was a philosophical view that emphasized the importance of human values, achievement, and endeavors as distinct from received religious dogma” (Roth 356). After the Renaissance, there was the Baroque period, during which sculpture, painting and architecture were combined. Baroque architecture is about “heavy embellished architecture, with its corkscrew columns and bent entablatures- as much a deviation from proper architectural norms as a twisted pearl that deviated from the spherical norm” (Roth, 398). This architecture pushed the limits of those before it, by switching from clarity to ambiguity, variety instead of uniformity, plasticity instead of planar (Roth, 398). The transition from Baroque to Roccoco was also a drastic one. Suddenly “Baroque architecture moved away from the heavy architectural decorative elements and deep colors of the early seventeenth century in favor of more slender decorative features and a much lighter palate of colors” (Roth, 429). This idea of periphery will continue to apply to the way styles change and develop. New limits are put on styles, whether it’s due to government control, social trend or religious beliefs. This is why it is so emphasized in our classes to go beyond the boundaries. In all of our projects we are asked to go above and beyond, because this is the way that we will be able to explore different possibilities. The more ideas that we are exposed to, the more trends and styles that will be available. This variety is also important so that if we are meeting with a client, we can offer many different possibilities, Instead of just one.<br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Portfolio: a set of pieces of creative work collected to be shown to potential customers or employers; "the artist had put together a portfolio of his work"; "every actor has a portfolio of photographs"</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjXMiBfUA-7d31jLr56DzT-bC18s78FlCuv7_6uTw2SsAXV_dHNy8xjss5S_E00iOx22YBwcoVjP2uryEcORO0eElM7sj4lfo0Ex1E0FuLndum4SzBH7Wzg-t3TDbCrg9mO7H8VgA3-TYh/s1600-h/1198033-7-portrait-of-a-camera.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 266px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjXMiBfUA-7d31jLr56DzT-bC18s78FlCuv7_6uTw2SsAXV_dHNy8xjss5S_E00iOx22YBwcoVjP2uryEcORO0eElM7sj4lfo0Ex1E0FuLndum4SzBH7Wzg-t3TDbCrg9mO7H8VgA3-TYh/s320/1198033-7-portrait-of-a-camera.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314634922001902210" /></a>As designers, we are required to have a portfolio available at the blink of an eye. A designer’s portfolio contains all of her work throughout her “explorations” as a designer. This includes work from her first year as an undergraduate student up to her work in grad school and outside of school in the real world. This opus blog that I am writing on serves as an electronic portfolio for many architecture students at UNCG. Our sketchbooks also serve as a portfolio of our work, not only in drawing, but also in history. Sure, it’s not entirely professional, since we are just beginning our years as interior architecture students, but it does contain a good chunk of the work we have already done. I know that as we climb the professional ladder in college, we will develop more professional blogs which will serve the purpose of showcasing our final projects, as well as solid observations and critiques that occur.<br />Beginning with the Renaissance, we read about many architects who wrote treatises. These treatises act, in a way, like a portfolio because they explain the way designs came about and what principles were followed, etc. For example, “Sir Henry Wotton espoused his ideas in a publication of 1624 entitled Elements of Architecture. This was not a pattern book but a down-to-earth building guide” (Blakemore, 130). The suggestions in this book influenced much of the English Renaissance.<br />For midterms in drafting, we are asked to put together a portfolio with all the work we have done throughout the semester. These pieces include both drafts and finish products of projects. Why include drafts? Drafts show process and difference between the draft and the final project. It is important to note what has been changed or corrected in order for the teachers to acknowledge that the student is progressing. It is even more important to have a portfolio when you work with a firm or other design business because a portfolio shows style. When you get a client, it is important that you show them your portfolio. This way, they can decide whether or not your style is what they’re looking for. By seeing your previous work, clients can judge whether or not they want to work with you. Hopefully, your portfolio is enough to reel them in.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinw_Z_Y4kfe03UThJ-XAoOqNv-s3NNJqH7K8EQV9b7gKzn_NwDit11BJzQGmKHk_T_P1t58o6SQer3TCSvAk0mj2_oFN4PxL7QrVgZI-JnGFdJr2_hLAFhIrqDmokw6cKNUwIAZocjGhBN/s1600-h/blind+contour.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 232px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinw_Z_Y4kfe03UThJ-XAoOqNv-s3NNJqH7K8EQV9b7gKzn_NwDit11BJzQGmKHk_T_P1t58o6SQer3TCSvAk0mj2_oFN4PxL7QrVgZI-JnGFdJr2_hLAFhIrqDmokw6cKNUwIAZocjGhBN/s320/blind+contour.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314629276371960082" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ An anonymous peer in the PROCESS of creating her opus PORTFOLIO</div><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Process: a series of actions directed towards a desired result</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>“The end must direct the operation.” This saying is true for design. When a designer is given a project, he or she takes the prompt and must come up with a concept for the end product. This is the first step. Only after creating a concept and image of the desired product can a designer find the process it will take to get there.<br />Last semester I participated in the 7 to 7 Salvation Army Charette, and in order for us to begin, we first had to create a solid idea of what we wanted the end product to look like and how we wanted it to function. We decided that we wanted it to be organized into different sections for categories of merchandise. We wanted the customers to feel calm and invited by this store. Most of all, we wanted to create significant interactions between the customer and the space itself. After coming up with all these goals, we were able to start designing graphics, laying out the space, and organizing the products. After twelve hours of process, we finally finished and met our goals in our design. Process takes much effort and extensive thought, but it’s all about being able to make connections between important aspects of design.<br />The first half of second semester in environmental design was a process. This process had some order to it, though. It began with something as small and “unimportant-seeming” as a fairytale. I would never have guessed that something as simple as a fairytale could develop into something as complex as a portal. The process was so extraordinary in that each project took a little bit of the previous. Our artifact came from our fairytale, and our passageway from our artifact, and then a door from our passageway. This is what leads me to the conclusion that almost anything can be linked in one way or another, not only in design, but in life.<br />History of Design is also a process: the process of a constant change in design. Design periods overlap with one another, allowing for much mixture between two or more styles. So far we have learned about process in the foundations unit. This process was the passing on of architecture from one culture to the next through trade and proximity of countries. In the alternatives unit, we're learning about the process of expansion. Architecture in different regions are reflective of one another, and though their goals (rebirth, baroque, roccoco) are the same, the outcomes are different. We will soon be learning about how this spread of architecture influences present day architecture, and how architecture will continue to develop in the future.</div><div><br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Perspective: The science of painting and drawing so that objects represented have an apparent depth and distance</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNWFVLAkOvTcIRpqfFoWPVIQsj2-FP6MaJv1NVKNnBsjJ2h7Z_qu5BCyLkU9AprAY2Qj5ZWEhU-_65Dn30Zr_L_INQFGS6VMiMv30hQSKE7vqydRcaeTquqM7fY69zzAo3OXzN641Qk4Ej/s1600-h/two+point+perspective.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 290px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNWFVLAkOvTcIRpqfFoWPVIQsj2-FP6MaJv1NVKNnBsjJ2h7Z_qu5BCyLkU9AprAY2Qj5ZWEhU-_65Dn30Zr_L_INQFGS6VMiMv30hQSKE7vqydRcaeTquqM7fY69zzAo3OXzN641Qk4Ej/s320/two+point+perspective.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314370381723843026" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMD5RUNFmGKAEyS7ThmC9wUQeEOPQmRy7zqIMsPRBRi9XMDha7Yr61uAMKGhy82eSTKhkBIAQDQ8D_TrWE1TF8FGTjNbV-6VPYbnwwXA0cJF1PUaMvhxJDtYkgDS6oGBThq9uaMODelJ3g/s1600-h/mossman-+moment+2.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMD5RUNFmGKAEyS7ThmC9wUQeEOPQmRy7zqIMsPRBRi9XMDha7Yr61uAMKGhy82eSTKhkBIAQDQ8D_TrWE1TF8FGTjNbV-6VPYbnwwXA0cJF1PUaMvhxJDtYkgDS6oGBThq9uaMODelJ3g/s320/mossman-+moment+2.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314377067301890050" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbqP2Ait_di-xbeUd92-GrD8Gw0TxpnYpBFvZlAUMdy1zzsazgtKsGlPfCLAbs4rfOdFvzNpElQJo3F6GYOuYHg6-j0GrubAO-trgyxAArhg8eFnWT95YHO_Wu-RpVfugj823msLelwj0j/s1600-h/1473439829_63d72955d3.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 293px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbqP2Ait_di-xbeUd92-GrD8Gw0TxpnYpBFvZlAUMdy1zzsazgtKsGlPfCLAbs4rfOdFvzNpElQJo3F6GYOuYHg6-j0GrubAO-trgyxAArhg8eFnWT95YHO_Wu-RpVfugj823msLelwj0j/s320/1473439829_63d72955d3.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314632799150119762" /></a><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">^ Church of Saint Ignazio</span></div></span>Perspective was used frequently, beginning during the Italian Renaissance when frescoes became a popular wall decoration. Artists painted perspectives on the walls or ceiling to extend the space, or make it seem larger. This illusion is called “trompe l’oeil” (mistake of the eye). Though the transitions from Renaissance to Baroque to Rococco were all in hopes of changing architecture, the use of illusionism did not. “In Baroque architecture, the line between three-dimensional reality and mystical illusion was increasingly blurred” (Roth 404). In the church of Saint Ignazio in Rome, “the vaults were painted by Padre Andrea Pozzo in 1691-1694 and show the glory of Saint Ignatious, in an illusion of architectural elements extending into the open sky, with clouds and angelic figures accompanying the figure of Saint Ignatius” (Roth, 404). Pietro de Cortona, originally a painter, was known for the frescoes he painted for the Barberini family. “For their palace, he painted the Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power. This, his most famous painting, is a triumph of Illusionism for the centre of the ceiling appears open to the sky and the figures seen from below appear to come down into the room as well as soar out of it” (Blakemore, 154). This use of fresco in wall décor actually decreased as architecture moved into Rococco, and I am predicting that it will fade to be very rare and eventually disappear.<br />In drafting, we are beginning to learn about perspective and how to make a perspective sketch without using drafting tools. The concept is very complex but interesting at the same time. Depending on the type of perspective being drawn, all lines go back to one vanishing point, or two, or three, etc. Perspectives can be drawn in many different ways. They can be drawn professionally using drafting tools, drawn as a conceptual sketch with sensible lines, or drawn as a regular sketch, guessing where the lines go to and in what directions they go. In the first semester, we created perspective drawings using our drafting tools and pictures of buildings. In A few weeks ago we were asked to draw perspectives of our selected buildings; however, these drawings were freehand. Perspectives aren’t only used to draw the insides of buildings, but also the exteriors. They don’t just make an outline, they also touch on the details such as windows and doors. Everything is connected through lines, which fascinates me.<br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Professional: of, relating to, or characteristic of a profession</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6OhJ-7Qp8_SZ4S0PdC-6PMiUXNTHDL6bJRKDrOTrdvnzgqR70zhMmmatCy9pC2cggpiSPmxVNOOW7iZixRXAPBpBHEsbakL1B408ifvY_3ax44VIlru-GeT5O5ZDlVl9XzISCLgUR6c9V/s1600-h/professional.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 178px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6OhJ-7Qp8_SZ4S0PdC-6PMiUXNTHDL6bJRKDrOTrdvnzgqR70zhMmmatCy9pC2cggpiSPmxVNOOW7iZixRXAPBpBHEsbakL1B408ifvY_3ax44VIlru-GeT5O5ZDlVl9XzISCLgUR6c9V/s320/professional.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314623801880582690" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsLxoPrlBC_2emlGV-TWoKGXHP_C7HcvoWLpGAPvISBaBmb_jLkvVwu6z7-HERaAEX7u763rBanTfhZlqO1bVfx7brs7JKTbpnfnsR2wIce2aMfx8Y1p4gJ2J29O89l3v8KnlidhNYRZ9Z/s1600-h/bob+marley.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 230px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsLxoPrlBC_2emlGV-TWoKGXHP_C7HcvoWLpGAPvISBaBmb_jLkvVwu6z7-HERaAEX7u763rBanTfhZlqO1bVfx7brs7JKTbpnfnsR2wIce2aMfx8Y1p4gJ2J29O89l3v8KnlidhNYRZ9Z/s320/bob+marley.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5314624867285580130" /></a><br />The word “professional” is thrown around. Some people believe that in order for someone to be a “professional” he or she must obtain a degree from college and be working in the field for which they got that degree. However, others might believe that if someone has spent a certain length of time doing one thing, he can be a professional, despite whether or not he has a degree. Some people became professional during the Baroque period through training, whether it was by apprenticing or education. Others just felt that their ideas were fit for architecture. “Borromini felt his training as an architect was appropriate for his commissions, while Bernini (with no training in architecture) considered his knowledge of sculpture and painting equally fitting for architectural work” (Blakemore, 155). This ability for Bernini to switch over to architecture was do to the new theme of the Baroque Era: “The autonomy of architecture is here eliminated, becoming now an armature for sculpture and painting meant to impress upon the viewer a mystical experience. Architecture as an independent, rational, structural frame is transformed into a unity or fusion of the visual arts as propoganda. Architecture has become but one constituent part in what was ‘a total work of art’” (Roth, 404). During the Baroque period, architecture, sculpture and painting were combined into one form of art.<br />The interior architecture program is designed to give us a unique education that will make it easier for us to become professionals. When we graduate, there’s a high possibility that we will not only have a higher knowledge of interior designs, but also building structures. This will help us get more successful jobs with major architecture firms, rather than small design companies. This is why it is important for us to keep all of our work. When we graduate, we will be able to bring our portfolios to job interviews. This way, the interviewers will look at our work, and instantly be able to see the knowledge that we have developed throughout our education at UNCG.</div><div><br /></div><div>All five of these words pertain to the outside world, or post-graduation. Periphery pertains in that we will have new limits to our design that will be created either by the firm we work with, the client, or the task at hand. Like I have already said, in order to get jobs, we will need to have a portfolio at hand, ready to be shown. A process is important because it shows progression towards the desired goal. As I wrote in my essay comparing design to a story, the process of design means multiple attempts, multiple critiques, and alot of the time, multiple mistakes. Perspective is incorporated in design in that it is required that the designer has a correct perspective of what needs to be done. The perspective of the client is also important when a designer is coming up with a concept. A design needs to accommodate the client, and his or her needs. Finally, professional comes into part in that someone who is professional in design is more likely to get a job over someone who is not. In other words, being that we, as interior architecture students, will graduate with a degree in interior architecture, we will be at an advantage over those who come into the field through other degrees. <br /><br /></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-8911486911258361022009-03-15T18:00:00.000-07:002009-03-18T19:21:24.440-07:00Precedent Analysis: JustificationCrystal Cathedral<br />1980<br />Garden Grove, CA<br />Philip Johnson- Johnson/Burgee Architects<br /><br />This cathedral is the largest glass building in the world, built in orange county California in 1980. The cathedral is shaped like a four-pointed star and it rises 12 stories above the ground. Its design exposes its use of solar heating and wind cooling through ventilating windows. The reason for the design of this cathedral is the desire to put people as close to the service or performance as possible, and connecting the cathedral to reality, whereas other cathedrals are an escape from reality. Not only does the architecture of this building reveal the progression of innovation in design, but it also allows for connection to the people in more ways than religion. This cathedral is used not only for services, but also for performances by musicians and appearances of famous celebrities. It incorporates all three necessities for a successful design (commodity, firmness and delight) in that it accommodates many functions, it is earthquake-withstandable and it uses light and space to create a certain intimacy.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikTAZZBWrRdfKfKmSAMyFoGeWT7jX65hlGiXI8SKyjpB0fjIf5gidOHaOVNDh8sQFGnq_JKvxYRct3nVt2aWkqRHLSq5ctoPhOf7ibKhcSqUrcEG3rwW-BjoaCDa7qdjAw74OIBXxUYPR3/s1600-h/2938078034_18f5657af8_m.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 160px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikTAZZBWrRdfKfKmSAMyFoGeWT7jX65hlGiXI8SKyjpB0fjIf5gidOHaOVNDh8sQFGnq_JKvxYRct3nVt2aWkqRHLSq5ctoPhOf7ibKhcSqUrcEG3rwW-BjoaCDa7qdjAw74OIBXxUYPR3/s320/2938078034_18f5657af8_m.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5313584578722724194" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIh7nZJaBGDmnmEPuHByKhPEVmiYZFRkRdWZ4vKdu5GfSHLUPxA653rYZIY-LPv7C1j5pQ581piQ0l5TzZlXv804Y3VF4A7Lp_5Ls66HVrXkAhae7EVurcoAA6i7qpMrtdOwR1c07W_HY6/s1600-h/2633113434_69d51fd6f7_m.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 187px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIh7nZJaBGDmnmEPuHByKhPEVmiYZFRkRdWZ4vKdu5GfSHLUPxA653rYZIY-LPv7C1j5pQ581piQ0l5TzZlXv804Y3VF4A7Lp_5Ls66HVrXkAhae7EVurcoAA6i7qpMrtdOwR1c07W_HY6/s320/2633113434_69d51fd6f7_m.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5313584577059322594" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTHrRPoj5T4-hLcEzbTDOXeuxGO-G846zcYHU-MUPyOyG6FSnK5fTvYDAnO4FfSt0IRkTVzdSZsEKKAZKvXxtDDewNFKU-S89ve1WP1g3LLUzCXfPIBL1_9bR2FhipveR_ZFJkiQMU5Rq9/s1600-h/1453198246_df98eb17dd_m.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 180px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTHrRPoj5T4-hLcEzbTDOXeuxGO-G846zcYHU-MUPyOyG6FSnK5fTvYDAnO4FfSt0IRkTVzdSZsEKKAZKvXxtDDewNFKU-S89ve1WP1g3LLUzCXfPIBL1_9bR2FhipveR_ZFJkiQMU5Rq9/s320/1453198246_df98eb17dd_m.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5313584576364329442" /></a><br />Photos taken from flickr.comChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-14128691789910977362009-03-04T11:55:00.000-08:002009-03-04T11:56:38.712-08:00Precedent Analysis: Cologne CathedralCOLOGNE CATHEDRAL: also known as the kolner dom<br />Cologne cathedral is a gothic cathedral in Germany that was built in 1248 on the site of a Roman Temple. It’s outstanding use of light, along with its unforgettable detail and duality of color, makes it compatible with other cathedrals across the world. Like the cologne cathedral, the Salisbury cathedral utilizes light to direct the emphasis to what’s most important in the cathedral. It also uses a duality of color in the aisle, as well as in the vaults surrounding the choirs. The exteriors of these two pieces of architecture are very dark and mysterious, while the inside sets a tone of celebration. The contrast between interior and exterior in these two buildings tell two different stories. With a structure comparable to the cologne cathedral, amiens also represents the idea of the “dark ages”. Also, both structures are so complex that they share a “bulky” quality, with multiple buttresses and naves and vaults. The incorporation of height in both the cologne cathedral and the duomo cathedral are meant to be landmarks. The impossible-to-ignore two spires on the cologne cathedral and the overpowering tower on the duomo act as landmarks for cities. These two cathedrals also portray past and present, which also presents future. Both borrow the traditional cruciform and the use of columns, however, they elaborate on these columns, and incorporate vertical elements to show the important areas inside. Their innovation of other structural elements, as well as elaborate detail, gives way for development in the future. All four of these cathedrals are efficient in commodity, firmness and delight, however, their designs change with region. <br /><br />- Nicole Robert<br />- Charese Allen<br />-Caraleigh Schwall<br />-Hanna FlynnChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-11713067706085413702009-03-02T07:30:00.000-08:002009-03-04T11:52:32.352-08:00Macro to MicroWith the development of the temple came a tripartite system. The temple form is split up into three parts: the porch, the court and the hearth. This system of parts is representational of hierarchy within religion.<div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 266px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZTDh99U2coxqH2ric4Q5pldrmN_RmF5et4preF5Dsg4F47Mvx5nJ9EphMAZGDQI4w28GwnDTuMC6sHz-jFGfF7dDwgtAIimix8V1MhdHdE-lgxsKZizKhgUPeHZki2YleTHAKZeNfOAFm/s320/st+sernin-+porch+court+hearth.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309190563876489330" /><div style="text-align: center;">^porch : court : hearth</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"></span></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="">PORCH: a covered area adjoining an entrance to a building and usually having a separate roof; portico; “place of transition”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> (Merriam Webster Dictionary<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">)</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">COURT: The residence of a sovereign or similar dignitary; an open space enclosed by a building or buildings; an open space enclosed wholly or partly by buildings or circumscribed by a single building; “a place of gathering” <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">(Merriam Webster Dictionary)</span></span></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">HEARTH: home; “for the special people” <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">(Merriam Webster Dictionary)</span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMyAIMLThnqubbErwEkGC5r6XM2SiTr_O7cTMlcRdCWiimFX6vTHv7k8R1_86NSo8gntqUR02oNzSt11cisfLfmDVYrXmOTp1rnZsxXxjzSfw9uVgXPEuuw3997oyHva8dQt2a8SrFQKUq/s1600-h/3279193047_f7825a7cb6.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMyAIMLThnqubbErwEkGC5r6XM2SiTr_O7cTMlcRdCWiimFX6vTHv7k8R1_86NSo8gntqUR02oNzSt11cisfLfmDVYrXmOTp1rnZsxXxjzSfw9uVgXPEuuw3997oyHva8dQt2a8SrFQKUq/s320/3279193047_f7825a7cb6.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309418814942114210" /></a>^ <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">The Inside of the Pantheon</span></div></span></div><div>The porch acts of a place of transition, leading into the court where people gather to celebrate or worship the hearth. The hearth is the most important place in a temple or church, because it is where the altar or sculpture of the god is. For example, in the Parthenon, the steps lead up to the porch (or entrance) where people transition into worship in this holy building. The court is the inside rectangle created by the colonnades, where people gather to worship. The hearth is where the sculpture of Athena sits. This is the most important spot because this temple is built for Athena, and therefore, where Athena sits is the shrine. This system is very clear in the megaron and citadel of Greece; however, this system becomes less obvious and more symbolic with Roman architecture. For example, the Pantheon contains a porch, a court and a hearth, but not in that order. The porch of the Pantheon is the large portico on the outside of the building, where the massive columns stand. Inside the Pantheon, the court and hearth are literally the same space (above). This does not necessarily mean that there is no difference between the two. In this structure, the oculus complicates things. The court may be the entire circular structure inside, but the hearth is where the light through the oculus strikes. This light is sacred in that it aims to bring heaven on earth, and therefore, where the light strikes is the hearth, and depending on the time of day, the location of this hearth differs. The tripartite system is again used in the basilica form, which then leads to the church form. In the Basilica of Constantine, the porch is at the narthex. The court is the aisle from the narthex to the apse, as well as the seating for worship. The hearth is at the apse, where the speaker (the priest) stands, making the speaker the most important person in the basilica. In the gothic cathedral at Amiens, France, the porch is at the narthex and this porch is made sacred by the human figures sculpted on the front façade. However, the sacredness of this cathedral increases with each part. The court is on the inside, in the aisles, and underneath the vaults. Different from other forms, though, the hearth is where the two crosses intersect in the cruciform. This transept creates an unforgettable moment in the church. This tripartite system is just one of the many diagrams used to build in the foundations of architecture.</div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">DIAGRAM: a design/drawing that makes things easier to understand; the layout of ideas in an order that connects all of those ideas </span>(Merriam Webster Dictionary)<br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 241px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfbWE_8trpO1LSuHnCtn_-u40H9ys2guVl3MERWvgIykoAaY5mYj9zXVGlIAXay2xYP_3W3bdHsmlj93Jts72cs9XoK8fTOU79qQEUwi_wx9i6vuj27YsEcu4F2h79-MM11wqKCj23n1E/s320/mossman_diagram.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309190565488856370" /><div style="text-align: center;">^ "context" diagram from drawing class<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgMWxfSIHaV8CP8KaxIkLp-YQLuFGcu0fTlGu4WflFI0OXFZayDrfZ6RimH1Q22jnleXSvO3zLySl5Mllk5RuN6mm4KsENwSwSoXdagcaUa0CufDKJny_x_waCkwbt_-EOzyNkoBqPjxfX/s1600-h/2374091066_cea2caf335.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 222px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgMWxfSIHaV8CP8KaxIkLp-YQLuFGcu0fTlGu4WflFI0OXFZayDrfZ6RimH1Q22jnleXSvO3zLySl5Mllk5RuN6mm4KsENwSwSoXdagcaUa0CufDKJny_x_waCkwbt_-EOzyNkoBqPjxfX/s320/2374091066_cea2caf335.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309417902438664530" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;">^ Church of San Spirito</div><div>If one is trying to successfully communicate a design, a diagram is probably the best tool. This is because a diagram illuminates the direct relation between the parts of the whole design. While some professionals use a plan to explain their idea, others use diagrams to incorporate context, hierarchy, circulation and function. In drawing, along with creating our own diagrams (above), we read a packet that informed us about the different diagrams and how they work to clarify different points. Roth makes a similar connection in “Understanding Architecture”. “Galileo Galilei wrote that it was not possible to understand the “book” of creation “if we do not first learn the language and grasp the symbols in which it is written. This book is written in a mathematical language, and the symbols are triangles, circles and other geometric figures, without whose help it is impossible to comprehend a single word of it” (Roth, 360). This is like the use of architectural plans; if one is not an architect, there is a definite possibility that that person may not comprehend the plan as well as the architect. This is due to the lack of familiarity with the symbols as well as the uses of line weights and other variations. During the Renaissance, more specifically the rise of humanism, Vitruvius made a connection between the temple form and the form of the human body. “Ideal systems of proportion, he observed, can be found in the perfect proportions of the human body” (Roth, 359). This use of the diagram of the human body led to the creation of the ideal proportions in the building system, as well as the increase in importance of horizontal forms. An example of the use of diagram is Brunelleschi’s Church of San Spirito in Florence (above): “the visitor would see a fully three-dimensional representation of a building as a constructed perspective, each architectural element assigned a precise place in a rationally ordered scheme” (Roth, 365). This emphasis on elements in a certain order brings us to our next theme: composition.</div><div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">COMPOSITION: a product of mixing various elements or ingredients; an arrangement; </span>(Merriam Webster Dictionary)<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 306px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj83DZDt3yXaB78pNwwG8gyvJ8rNxH_WzF1fNt8dFEKT29DZaVoPbez59DI3ZkeyZ3iL61s-slmSkQVWWsNDUwEd1cjjMqpW_ZQx5qufKrh6ZGeIW957XMdt8N5H7r7IeScSkM5DKSBrP1l/s320/hand+compositions.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309412214947110082" /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 245px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4xq14OTJJU779wp1KeWsgnQyARoEe9upgeVAdMGwpJA3FS0tTLPjxqkGwEW7atnlNW9atBtJcSMsAx5w42vUOFguILDtyUKuzyBySGFvaprCwunGZrTtYOQL082ctwP9NS5b1_Hdz56cw/s320/composition+of+my+dinner.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309412205678507186" /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTnfHEliBVd1uiRzavFyS8dTI6bx_H3-R-J_n3ZCCEBKNFa8xhNVhBZ91P4aXetjaOwgcCkr7rHyNeyB2spncQcNFzjsVK0V3wBs63L_b8wgvWKtRE8xi-S-XXIbM21Jt8NmSXxcQPszjL/s1600-h/2968037202_61c9ea500f.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTnfHEliBVd1uiRzavFyS8dTI6bx_H3-R-J_n3ZCCEBKNFa8xhNVhBZ91P4aXetjaOwgcCkr7rHyNeyB2spncQcNFzjsVK0V3wBs63L_b8wgvWKtRE8xi-S-XXIbM21Jt8NmSXxcQPszjL/s320/2968037202_61c9ea500f.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309419191056625026" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;">^ The Foundling Hospital</div><div>A composition is noticeable when various elements (color, texture, light, etc) are unified to make one design. These elements are organized in a particular order so that they give way for an interaction. Above, I included two drawings that acted as warmup exercises. The hands have a sense of composition in that I used both hatching and color to create a more interesting design. If I had just left the hands as contour, they would have been plain and incomplete. There is composition in my dinner drawing because I had a method while drawing it. I drew the whole, and then picked out the parts and placed them carefully and orderly on the page, incorporating text along the way. Without having a quality of composition, a design is not a design, but a mess of ideas. Once a designer has succeeded in creating a composition, he or she has succeeded in unification, as well as commodity, firmness and delight. In the architecture of the Renaissance, one of the main goals was to create a new architecture, and “stressing a balance of vertical and horizontal elements” (Roth, 353). This combination of two elements that are potential opposites creates a rather interesting composition. With the desire to combine vertical and horizontal elements, there was also a need to use “ideal geometric forms discussed by Plato in Philebus- forms generated by straight lines and circles” (Roth, 359). These shapes were soon incorporated in several buildings. In the Foundling Hospital in Florence (above), “across the front of the building and facing the piazza, an arcade with monolithic Corinthian columns carried the lightest of semicircular architraves and stretched entablature. The columns are spaced exactly as far apart as they are tall, defining squares in elevation” (Roth 362). Something that I feel is crucial to know when trying to understand the word “composition” is that it creates a rhythm, like a musical composition, whether it’s that of Bach or Beethoven. “There are no intellectual discordances, but rather perfect conformity through proportional harmony” (Roth, 367). Composition is about a harmony, all the elements being different notes, or instruments, or beats. Detail also helps a composition become more interesting.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">DETAIL: a small and subordinate part; a part of a whole; a part considered or requiring to be considered separately from the whole; the small elements that collectively constitute a work of art </span>(Merriam Webster Dictionary)<br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 184px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh51nqQLFcT8kGFV_LXlP6UzRlEx1Y7s9gFQq7WWgBuE-Q1QAemM80Nmr7lFdI-MgMRPU_96M7DRKiDHmnk2yTcYK3_JHBLrl23EfrCFvUog-Lu1H0K7Es7ByvFJyqa8jDQEHFA6yG8DuTN/s320/furberry+scarf.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309412219313851202" /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 248px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Iq_2A4GKWORD0U2qWFf7DY9NPa8P_I1qJu56BmuRmllCsooN8-DLfTCtEKTp1m7a5donMaoz5mcHQHjq90YGiXV97CE1DFtWlmhf20xLDagV1EqlIwQU2jbmguHo-IN1e2vr1dBWekie/s320/chair+detail.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309412200097057394" /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz4l6jmqbqhABeOvWCwftBsC64E8UeHByVMonXqlMVBY2lEKvBTn-JD81e0kXY0zfsMU8u7o-Dtx3d7EHxTyFoU5EQ_lcO8Wy5jZ-h3Pu6gi8Wc5djlXPQdiDnjEn0-B-TVIaxGs-giNah/s1600-h/3294067249_416af84131.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 238px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz4l6jmqbqhABeOvWCwftBsC64E8UeHByVMonXqlMVBY2lEKvBTn-JD81e0kXY0zfsMU8u7o-Dtx3d7EHxTyFoU5EQ_lcO8Wy5jZ-h3Pu6gi8Wc5djlXPQdiDnjEn0-B-TVIaxGs-giNah/s320/3294067249_416af84131.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309420204941629218" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">^ Santa Maria del Fiore</div><div>As a part, detail is an extremely important element. It gives style (a distinctive characteristic or manner), meaning, and individuality to a design. Above, I decided to use a drawing that I did showing detail of a scarf that I own. The detail of the pattern gives away the brand of the scarf. A detail is something that is site-specific. In our drawing class, we were asked to draw a detail that represented our building. For example, in our group we were assigned to the Mossman Building, and Tracy drew the floor detail, emphasizing the importance of the use of brick in our building. Thinking it important to the Mossman building, I drew the distinct benches (above) which allow for seating and comfort in the student accomodated building. Detail played an important role in Renaissance architecture as well. For example, in The Dome of Florence Cathedral (above) “Brunelleschi’s study of Roman architectural detail and his inventiveness are seen in the white stone lantern he designed to cover the top of the dome” (Roth, 358). This detail on top of the dome causes it to stand out, and makes it Brunelleschi’s own. The use of detail in the Renaissance was also a way of referring back to ancient achievement. For example, the new Saint Peter’s Church (below) used the Doric columns, but Bramante furthered this detail by designing the frieze himself, incorporating detail of instruments used in the Mass. “Hence in form, proportion and ornamental detail, the diminutive building recalls Roman architecture at its purest, re-created and reshaped in the service of the church” (Roth, 372). This detail in Saint Peters was expanded even more when Michaelangelo painted Frescoes on the ceilings of the dome. All of these details being used in these influential buildings had a major impression on the Renaissance era.<br /><br /><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">IMPRESSION: a characteristic trait or feature resulting from influence; marked influence or effect on feeling, sense or mind </span>(Merriam Webster Dictionary)<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit6uf4xY4rRqSJBa650RvFoDFfpPklgbbeKtI4RT-ZsEFhNgmhMw1bxxmkIocGUcVtkNoBGMifccfEhZxYtsZI3Q_m25Lp8aD7o1K5sEVyyaiU6Ieb8v7bugnhj4u2bwuNjCNm_8WlMQCX/s1600-h/2524770877_a6a709bdbb.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 213px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit6uf4xY4rRqSJBa650RvFoDFfpPklgbbeKtI4RT-ZsEFhNgmhMw1bxxmkIocGUcVtkNoBGMifccfEhZxYtsZI3Q_m25Lp8aD7o1K5sEVyyaiU6Ieb8v7bugnhj4u2bwuNjCNm_8WlMQCX/s320/2524770877_a6a709bdbb.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309419634449066690" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">^ "New" St. Peter's basilica</div></div><div>As the course of our history class has moved on, we have talked about numerous ways that different buildings make impressions on people. Socially, baths have a huge impact in that they provide “bread and circus” for the people. Religiously, the pyramids and temples were built with the desire to bring heaven to earth. This idea of universality between heaven earth continues with the construction of the gothic cathedral, and even more so with the rebirth of the Christian church during the Renaissance. The use of circles and the centralized plan served religious purpose in the Church: “the circle an the centralized plan generated from it were highly evocative religious symbols of the perfection of divinity, forms found also in the proportions o the human body patterned, so scripture declared, in God’s image” (Roth, 365). The symbolism of these forms creates a religious impression on the people housed in the church. Once a person walks into a church, there is an immediate transformation from earth to heaven. In Bramante’s quest to build a new Saint Peters, he focused on making it “bigger than Constantine’s church, embodying the ideals of the new architecture and proclaiming the power of an invigorated Christianity while surpassing the achievement of pagan antiquity” (Roth, 372). In terms of building churches, it was all about proclaiming the power of religion. This idea still exists in church and temple construction today.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Summary</span><br />The word “macro” is usually used to describe something as large, or long, while the word “micro” does the opposite, describing something as small or short. These two words work together in comparison. This comparison could be incorporated in design to identify both important and unimportant aspects of a design. As for the words above, I believe that these two words (macro and micro) could be used in many different contexts. All of these words have ways that they could be macro or micro in a design. The combination of porch, court and hearth definitely goes with the word “macro” in that it was a major influence of building procedure for so long. Diagram would go with macro as well, because there is nothing more important in design than being able to get your ideas across. Without a clear layout of ideas, a designer is lost, and so is their client. Composition tags along with micro and macro. A composition is a macro thing made up of micro parts (the elements of design). Now, I don’t mean to say that these elements aren’t important; just that they are quite micro compared to the whole product or composition of a design. Detail could also be used with micro and macro. Detail is a “macro” part of a design, especially as architecture develops and ornament becomes more incorporated. However, detail is very micro in that each detail means something, so like the elements of design, detail is just one thing that makes up the entire whole of the design. Impression is macro, without a doubt. One of the reasons why designers design a room is to appeal to the senses to create interaction. The impression that a design has on its “experiencer” is a major part of the success or lack thereof. All of these words were scattered among the architecture of the foundations unit (impression in Egypt, detail in rome, diagram in Greece, etc). However, all of these words are brought together in the era of the Renaissance, as the people look to bring all aspects of the ancient world into one revival.</div><div><br /></div><div>- Pictures taken from <a href="flickr.com">flickr</a></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-66114184996529970692009-03-01T18:48:00.000-08:002009-03-02T07:26:58.298-08:00Chiaroscuro in the Foundations UnitChiaroscuro is a technique adopted during the Renaissance in which the artist uses values of light and dark to record contrasts of light and shadow in nature. In art, such as drawing and painting, this technique is used to create the optical illusion that a two dimensional piece of art is actually 3D.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Hypostyle Hall: Egypt c. 13th Century BC</span><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8URCD1MgG3pt21LNu5d3lE338QOZRoRj6nxgLfKicpIQ4cWnryOTl7MvHg66HG8kTv_c06n-wh1fO_YrVUqX93GviY42ObMqqS2rhCgqSYCHXxDMXXh1LFqKUO9_rW3GFw4WDn5dJD8w9/s320/3172165340_bc4f089a54.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308420214424177442" /><div>At the temple of Amon at Karnak, the columns of the hypostyle hall tower over people at 69 feet (Roth, 180). On these columns, relief is used to tell stories about the history of Egypt. This hall acts as a court between the guarded porch and the sacred hearth of this temple.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>These massive stone columns are in alignment with the sun during the winter solstice, which points towards the Valley of the Kings on the West Side of the Nile. Whichever way light strikes these columns, there are inevitable shadows cast on the court, separating it from the whole of the temple. As a person walks through this hall, he or she is walking through constant shadow, while looking out or above the illuminated columns to light.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Pyramids of Giza: Egypt 2680-2560 BC</span><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 171px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5LAfeNBee3YAdtFipN3T22sKubKCcx4F4wAwiRnQYvMcVd46OfKGi6LFKHITgWJSKcLhp6tQvLbBIk7c8ONj4M3aHZc-k1J3pWf4z3otIkGe0fwcEUEZRB5f5LRztUblgm7ChXOY6Pa3q/s320/2135324138_733f5d70bb_m.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308420225797683810" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>These pyramids house the pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Menkare. They are the three largest pyramids in Egypt, each pyramid dedicated to a different King. These pyramids house the bodies of these kings, as well as their cherished belongings. These pyramids were built to create a passage from life to afterlife.<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>The pyramids of Giza are polished with a limestone finish, causing it to gleam in the sun. Because these pyramids were more important than others, gold was used at the very top to emphasize the sun. They are aligned in all cardinal directions.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Temple of Hatshepsut: Egypt 1500 BC</span><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 210px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4IIGpzdzvL0ljCDXeOUCZxxuakLPXtcSrmmXVoIlkfJEI3B_6DfYFmGZJFAebVUFNXzFTD3OD-iG0eUPqrYynBYaDTzqHnLUixOiBDVlfqUal-bwCskpzXF9fJHtjJyEh40cmpuP1iogE/s320/28255858_4338ecd66a.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308420223456033330" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The temple of Queen Hatshepsut is built into the cliffs at Deir el Bahari closest to the entrance of the Valley of the Kings. Like the pyramids, this temple was built to house the mummified body of Queen Hatshepsut once she passed.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The colonnade and its positive and negative space create a rhythm of light and dark, representing transition between life and afterlife.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Propylaia: Greece 400 BC</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 215px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipqqnsKVQAO0iwAgsRBM1Ff_LptTQN8xqSoT_bOtFgA4pGNIfw16PMh959vG3XccOXJWmLj_tFy-cHr_x0aB5oWjng0qoOc4DIGy8hRaAFeUOJcsQAKVOFmL4_K9BuHrQ21K7AYMjjmWBX/s320/4619389_0fce55f49f.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308420795906048626" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The Propylaia is the marble entrance to the Acropolis in Athens. One side has a painting gallery, and the other has a sculpture gallery. This entrance contains multiple colonnades of both ionic and Doric style columns, creating a complex passageway into the acropolis, attempting to deny access to anyone who is “ritually unclean”.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The colonnades in the entrance were used to enforce a feeling of enclosure while people walk through. This dark, enclosed colonnade makes way to the revelation of the Great Acropolis, molding an unforgettable experience for the person walking through.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Parthenon: Greece 5th Century BC</span><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHgtjXneg7xreXPorPmT9g9ZJw85etqKhei9VN4VcVaiVCBkIndAaAgmLC0D2BalXRawILpD3X6xp5D2x9VeUr6WYhnBoiAPGZuEKsiE4AIws8Fln2ANgFghfCboFUub9c9hjopIhKH0Qg/s320/775736794_b5dace9896.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308420798904980098" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The Parthenon is the temple of the Greek goddess Athena. This building is the most important building in the Acropolis, as every other structure atop the acropolis directs the people to the Parthenon. This building is the archetype of Western History. The Parthenon serves as a shrine rather than a temple, and contains the sacred sculpture of Athena.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The colonnades in the Parthenon contribute to the use of light and shadow in terms of directing light towards the statue of Athena. However, the Parthenon is also an example of trompe l’oeil. The construction of the columns in the Parthenon creates an optical illusion that these columns are straight, while they are actually slanted inward. “Knowledge of perspective and depth perception through skillful use of modeling with light and shadow were important here (Greece)” (Blakemore, 35).<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Pantheon: Rome 126 AD</span><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvLLIOlOc9NNSGGYEK7b95d-VvBc6fa0KbZglU4P5euQ6J7OaLWo0anuOcsbxeaMzfmhyphenhyphenfvcjJmbRgRewKvxO1lTJea0MonQVzyMY4V53fQVLrkPt9c_BCRLh1xpC3l87yAmb09HgKRNqI/s320/188541071_8a7604b8b1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308420842221079170" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The pantheon, also known as the “temple of all the gods”, is the epitome of Roman architecture. It illustrates advanced building technology and the innovation of concrete as a building material. It is “the symbol of consequence of an immutable union between the gods, nature, man and the state” (David Watkin). Its particular distinction is its vast scale and experiment in manipulation of building techniques, more specifically the incorporation of the dome.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The oculus, the circular cut out in the top of the dome, is what creates the connection between heaven and earth. At different times of day, the light shining through this oculus shines on different parts of the wall, illuminating different stories. Symbolically, the oculus opens to the heavens, affecting the way people “view the universe”.<br /><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Colosseum: Rome 1st Century AD</span><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 210px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgymfw8QAyZOZ1SP4lNSVroIsZuKPUEGJ5Fb6z7Abb3X35mmUvHVpnQYdnCln_0DYhn0clHkTa8s0WYl4k7u-SVXQ_DekNBZjoDZ8ovV34rSvfBFBMdkT0tUjF9DdytWuAZBiXFjTby45Ur/s320/704344507_8a11daf0a5.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308422040405698130" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The colosseum is a circular ampitheatre in the center of Rome. This structure was used for events such as gladiator contests and other public entertainment programs. The basement of the colosseum is open so that there may also be naval battles inside. It remains one of Rome’s most popular attractions, and still serves as a symbol of the greatness of the Roman Empire.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>This open-roofed structure uses natural light to accommodate the events taking place in this building. This is one of the first entirely open structures that use natural light for its literal purpose. It also incorporates contrast between light and dark. For example, if you are considering the gladiator or the actor or whoever is participating in the event, they come into this circular light from a dark hallway. This transition from dark to light goes hand in hand with the transition into “glory”.<br /><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Hagia Sophia: Istanbul, Turkey 537 AD</span><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 287px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_u0OolaAXD0NmD81XGT9U2u6GSghKYnGzjn-qeNynlINXuVjWiS-aEah9p9h_dkpLy8RIMP2Ft91gpvHAgS_BBjwTvfMH1hexqGFz4lGmtbqhHFXRgp7-zz9tobxo8Hi2Mx23cWDfvMjz/s320/2_hagia_sofia_belulrol.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308422053232877170" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>Hagia Sophia went from being a basilica, to a mosque and now is a museum. While the Pantheon is the epitome of Roman architecture, Hagia Sophia is the epitome of Byzantine Architecture, particularly famous for it’s massive dome. “…The thought of crowning Hagia Sophia with a dome related to the sanctity of the whole building as an earthly analogue to heaven. The visible universe was concretized in the Byzantine mind as a cube surmounted by a dome” (Spiro Kostof).<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div>The pendentive that attaches the dome to the cube in Hagia Sophia allows for light, giving the space “echo and bounce”. The 40 arched windows under the arcade fill the interior with light, allowing it to reflect off of the mosaics used as an interior detail. This constant reflection of light, as well as the multiple colors, heightens the impression of the space upon those experiencing it. Hagia Sophia is famous for its quality of light. This reflection creates an important moment within the space<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">Old St. Peter, Italy c. 326-333 AD</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 205px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcJoiYNKgdOCOXdCJuwMC2ri6I3NtLe1gjsNn4kDp1TTlPKSLn_UXr8ajAHartgVPRJBYRB25fOADbiwSTmZYZlolQdxDLQkPlTiF2cW8tqLwCe6zyvABNrqDtGRixtkK1FOw3ypU3EK6X/s320/EarlyChrOldStPetersDiagram.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308424053179348178" /></div></div><div><br /></div><div>This basilica was one of the largest basilicas in Rome, built by Constantine where Saint Peter was buried. This church has the largest interior of any Christian church in the world. It contained a large number of burials and memorials, and was an important place of pilgrimage. </div><div>Old St. Peters was eventually built to form New St. Peters, which stands today in this very site.<br /><br /></div><div>Natural light is important in the design of this basilica because it fills the court, where people gather, increasing symbolic importance of this place. It is also important because as it shines through the windows, it reflects off of the mosaic materials.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; ">San Vitale, Italy 548 AD</span><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkpT5rqbAonwBfz4Fr7KyyojNFQtDYEw6YzJPo3xgpQdXEXyMJAQLEp6YjczuP7x-wXVK1sAxInTufmIplkLVL_pmANRhPR6oopZ6_y9lGlVeo6AAR4bLUur-IlnfJWnwUc5ReKYcVGjSh/s320/1800193013_85d236d953.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308422071082850946" /><br /></div><div>This church is the most famous monument of Ravenna, Italy and is one of the most important examples of Byzantine architecture in Western Europe. It’s a double shell octagon that creates an ambulatory passageway and a central altar space.<br /><br /></div><div>The ambulatory passageway is filled with natural light, which indirectly bleeds into the hearth of the church. When standing in the hearth, it is filled with light, but the source of this light is unknown.<br /><br /></div><div>BY NICOLE ROBERT AND NEAL MICKEY</div><div>- pictures taken from <a href="http://www.flickr.com">flickr.com</a></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-55439918772852660622009-03-01T15:41:00.000-08:002009-04-21T20:15:26.149-07:00The Foundations of Architecture<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcO7-UoFisn_VgmtZYmO1I1YsJI2l7nSPG-tiY2PCLjA4uo-oDsfatbwWnsfXPPUgzEvVqKt2qwJ-fVh2IL_mV9Ke-sc79pyP5uwklw_KyvMxLyi9cEDBWhxK2YysyfgkbKnM-tkblQ-2B/s1600-h/2792447365_073e1c65f4.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcO7-UoFisn_VgmtZYmO1I1YsJI2l7nSPG-tiY2PCLjA4uo-oDsfatbwWnsfXPPUgzEvVqKt2qwJ-fVh2IL_mV9Ke-sc79pyP5uwklw_KyvMxLyi9cEDBWhxK2YysyfgkbKnM-tkblQ-2B/s320/2792447365_073e1c65f4.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5327348917898753810" /></a><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/">^ The Parthenon</a></div><div>The foundations unit of History and Theory of Design is about the basis of architecture, or what came first. The basics of architecture are as crucial as the basics of mathematics; in order to be able to solve equations, you must first know basic numbers as well as addition and subtraction. In order to validly analyze the architecture of a building, one must be familiar with the foundations. This way, that person will be able to make comparisons to precedents, as well as the composition of different elements from different points in time.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>During the first unit, we discussed four major regions: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome. All four of these time periods connect with one another in terms of borrowing from the previous. Beginning with Mesopotamia, we see the use of natural landscape in artificial “stepped” mountains, and the unity of circles and squares. The form of these ziggurats makes way for the massive structures to be used in Egypt. Verticality is an important aspect in Mesopotamian architecture, as they focus on creating a structure that can reach the heavens. Not only do these structures explain religious belief, but they also show hierarchy, as the highest point of the ziggurat houses the priest.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The pyramids in Egypt play off of the idea of an artificial mountain, and they become larger as time passes, emphasizing the hierarchy of the people they’re built for. These pyramids serve as a passageway from life on earth to life in heaven, pointing to the sky. Along with the pyramids, the tripartite (porch, court, hearth) temple form evolves along with the columns found in the hypostyle halls. These temples are large complexes, accommodating the gathering of people, but still maintaining a hierarchy. The porch and court are for the people, while the hearth is for the most important person (the priest). This temple form becomes a prototype for those of Greece. Incorporating natural landscape, these forms are sometimes built into the earth.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The development of the megaron in Greece is a result of the Egyptian temple form. Megarons and citadels both contain a porch, court and hearth. This tripartite idea is clearest in the organization of the Acropolis in Athens. In these temples, Greece borrows the use of post-and-lintel construction, modifying these columns to create the Greek Orders, which are incorporated as a structural element in most buildings. Seen in the organization of the Agora, civic life becomes incredibly important in Greece, serving political, religious and social purposes.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>With the rise of Rome, Greek architecture is handed over to the Romans. Rome becomes this melting pot of both Greek and Egyptian architecture, and, more astoundingly, takes this blend of architecture and uses it to create new building systems such as the arch and vault. Rome also develops new systems of architecture, such as the bath and basilica. Nature loses its importance in Roman architecture, as verticality and invention becomes most important. This development expands possibilities of architecture, resulting in buildings such as the Pantheon and Colosseum. Civic life is now as important as ever, leading to the creation of baths and basilicas, which accommodate human social and physical needs (churches, libraries, gymnasiums, etc). The forms of the basilica lead to the building of the church, along with the rise of Christianity.<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The foundations unit focused on a couple of main ideas: (1) the idea of passage in terms of style being taken from a prototype or archetype and becoming a hybrid with development, (2) the consideration of religion and civic life in all four regions and (3) the incorporation of social organization within structure. All of these time periods have created the basis for the next unit: alternatives. Knowing the foundations of architecture, it will be easier to comprehend the thoughts behind upcoming structures, both in reflection of the past and development toward the future.</div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-46068517210306667142009-02-25T21:25:00.001-08:002009-02-27T17:46:32.488-08:00The Mossman Building: Three Refined Moments<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 308px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCyYIfndFWvKjej_RruQ9n19vusbAW8afE3SwQzer1EE5oAcTMnIC67d0VAFFvFnOfMqfH3U6WEbNig9btRlyiYVCfMDGQNX4SnnU6pAh5rGcsJx6zaDLo_zguvo94zKP1egFq36eyUdIj/s320/examples-of-perspective-drawings.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307136115976989522" /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://professorhornersartclass.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/examples-of-perspective-drawings.jpg">Examples of Perspectives</a></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 246px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpU6Zmu0uwt9j31_LuriOO1p8u16l8gv8BUoSzW0ssxuPdZ3ea0eisHBxkGQkh2b_lxF1W6U5Kfym3Z2OTzRy8SiZu4IUs7wfYXYjS_z7FjK7Kk4TmF4Ohjhd4t8fSXADwERsko3lbGCcx/s320/mossman+building-+refined+moment+1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306975191057913986" /><div style="text-align: center;">This first moment is intended to show the outside of the building if you're looking from across the street. I thought that the use of marker in my inspiration was really effective in showing shadow and depth, and therefore decided to mock that in my drawing. Originally, I had colored everything outside of the building too (the road, the car, the trees, the sky, etc). However, after receiving feedback, I decided that this was too distracting. Editing this photo, I focused on only the building, and incorporated silhouettes rather than detailed figures to show scale (the car, the bushes, the person).<br /></div><div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 190px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhmM4PqAJ1igVw-nibP-uEcXuHlkP4wG-GrCOeYetDzrM4ITraVqhAdTSdplqAZIolCGWG5P3oys5JcVGqWCkrsKXpl8OBL6uvsn3hwY-IndbQwuHP7mtI6kl5acxTBkOfT6yXhZVH8Vd0/s320/officeperspective.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307135939479729554" /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.meganthompson.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/officeperspective.jpg">Megan Thompson</a></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnr_fymp854oadvQFFEmdMYaqr9QNYdnPtB0EbJSuUGKk_c2_kkBP1Ncwml3zoye-36BerJHy8C83GG95mZqwjWXX7BtaGEF7WWIJDUK3sxOGoK2mg-T0wWKMWV8WZYXaE3BpaF3pTp95g/s320/mossman-+refined+moment+3.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306975185569878578" />This second moment was intended to bring focus to the round desk in the middle of the first floor. In my inspiration, the artist used lines in colored pencil to show form and direction. I though this use of a different media was incredibly interesting. Originally, I had used lines, but in some spots it was unclear what was a room versus a window, and there was no scale figure. I added even more lines to places that were just solid color, and I continued floor lines to show where the floor was directed. I made it so that all the lines led to the center, making the main focus the desk.<br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gJhmmkOusMtfI0Ogxvi926wp7Ee8Wpq35ABfZqLThYmSsnS0KI9zuFRwE6Ps432In6IR0kkms0cW2STKZxlCCA70V_r0yhA-yO5QKY1Z7hVWdE6mpywWH-DuzmLio1KOsaTav5ZI38ah/s320/penandink.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307135944070433810" /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.meganthompson.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/penandink.jpg">Megan Thompson</a></div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYfFogiHMQ_Y3w-vddM6v01keQhJWbX75XIv3wA0Mm08Sozanurnw5Yg-QxRCGH5JiZ-FQoYBNXmdaMUF9wDuuZdHmaz6hHCHHHoF3-wp2axJPEhvcRPBSMnUDxTflpMyo1W8X64Q0f53Z/s1600-h/mossman-+refined+moment+2.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 224px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYfFogiHMQ_Y3w-vddM6v01keQhJWbX75XIv3wA0Mm08Sozanurnw5Yg-QxRCGH5JiZ-FQoYBNXmdaMUF9wDuuZdHmaz6hHCHHHoF3-wp2axJPEhvcRPBSMnUDxTflpMyo1W8X64Q0f53Z/s320/mossman-+refined+moment+2.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306975176698802642" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">This last moment is of a walkway to the Spring Garden entrance into the Mossman building. I decided to take hatching as an inspiration, but also add my own twist: along with hatching, I incorporated single diagonal lines to show change in depth. My moment is excessively hatched like that of my inspiration. Originally it was hatched, but the sky was white, causing the sky to look like it was another piece of the building. Therefore I decided to color it with marker and diagonal lines. However, I felt that these lines were a little distracting, so I went over the outline of the building with a thicker pen to distinguish the ground and sky from the actual building. I also added more hatching to emphasize contrast even more, since that was a thing that the entire class seemed to struggle with.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">I think this exercise was really efficient in expanding our horizons a bit. I was definitely put out of my comfort zone when asked to find ways other than contour to draw a perspective. However, by using different techniques, I was forced to explore and find other ways to show space. I enjoyed trying to mock the techniques in my inspiration drawings because it helped me realize that I don't have to stick to contour and hatching all the time. It also helped me in finding my own style, which combines hatching and drastic contrast.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-178702057498303614.post-84288638060461948292009-02-24T16:47:00.000-08:002009-02-27T17:48:46.304-08:00Voices<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">METRIC: Of or relating to measurement; of or relating to the metric system; ways of thinking of something as a system (Patrick Lucas).</span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=""></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 206px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaWhyIiuxIrHhTqMQ5mci3IMZhu4c3eJI-vPHVvKYXmJC2Le9rxkmVev7uLz18m2I_OCQSnnnTAt_KBr7QZgTLR9DFD4g1reGq3-EW3uFkaBLc0_ox8Oxgw4zFQ62JZb9QHXOnl6s_jcY3/s320/bathnicole001.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306853618700644514" /></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=""></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"></span><div>When thinking of the word “metric”, one automatically thinks of measurement. Yes, the word “metric” could be used to explain measurement and scale in design, but there’s more to it than </div><div>that. The metric of a space or collection of spaces is the way in which something is organized to create a system. System gives way to interaction between people in a space. This system and its connection to interaction are clear in the Baths of the Diocletian. With multiple purposes (enjoyment, entertainment, exercise, education, etc.) they create a system of living. The baths are organized on 32 acres of land, each space having a different commodity. It is separated into three parts: the caldarium, tepidarium and frigidarium. These three sections are connected by water, and enclosed by a large wall around the whole piece of land. These baths accommodate women, men and slaves, though at different times of day. Referring to the more literal definition, metrics are important in design. In order to accommodate all nine words above, one must consider measurement. For example, proximity, or how someone or something is spaced from another, can only work with intended measurements. Let’s say a designer wants to create a feeling of comfort in a residential design for a family; he or she might space things closer together than someone who is designing a commercial space for people who do not necessarily feel as comfortable with each other.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">PRECEDENT: Something said or done that may serve to authorize or justify further words or acts of the same or similar kind.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 229px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL1FcChFvwxPiz7EO0JY14Iplop0J7SzMlZLqgnWyfVYspiGWO2uReG9LKeNFJvbcDbOej3JOEQjcVTHbp6zDlKWD00DckP8pMbNjSGWcS9ev-IEum85TZEQ-AyZHDStIzn3G3rMUYAzYs/s320/grand+central+sketch.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306818763944231714" /><br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 258px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1zysFNJ7VhSCIZP9z1qyJ-M5-4zJYNeuFNyaTkdRJph5VrP1uHQZRGJ81ID0BX4Np4-mMc3SFkEZVfH0NYJfGzc7HaG3uwTVKQ8vnmtRp6fkP2ABmOKpr0OdL1wGS5zVPnOFsF_Y1-cS/s320/floor-plan-labeled.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306752477958172690" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/images/jerusalem/church-of-holy-sepulchre/floor-plan-labeled.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/jerusalem-church-of-holy-sepulchre-floor-plan.htm&usg=__a2cUFS9ODIUSWB53_xJR_vuKyCE=&h=635&w=790&sz=84&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=QqpV46_e9hNPhM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthe%2Bchurch%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bholy%2Bsepulchre%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us%26sa%3DN">The Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJZtXPiYY_OarQ3aV1JOps_T64mUTYNCa-L0h2MGDU273j-31A8bVWUqA4ilkq7h_7LgdS9s96Fd6_sZbySTkHSGJql_NXyI8ZIEf_wYm-Uc4AQpisdbHmqaIPLrA7ULVohNUP2RB_v2Tw/s320/washington-united-states-capitol-washington-d-c-dccap11.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306752475474398546" /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.planetware.com/i/photo/washington-united-states-capitol-washington-d-c-dccap1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.planetware.com/picture/washington-d-c-washington-united-states-capitol-us-dccap1.htm&usg=__XTTfb0UzgRFz_WutkDeezQn4n5Q=&h=334&w=500&sz=177&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=1ssXms4QL6Qh5M:&tbnh=87&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DcaPITOL%2Bbuilding%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us%26sa%3DN">The dome shape of the capitol building</a><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>Precedents provide history for a style of architecture. Like I said last week, precedents (or prototypes) provide a path for the development of design. Before building, architects often refer to a previous model for inspiration. As we already know, Rome used several precedents for its creation of architecture, the column being the most obvious example. The Romans took the Greek orders, cut them in half, and added their own ornamentation to create a pilaster, which was adopted as the Roman column form. This use of a precedent continued as Rome began to separate. For example, the form of the church began as a piggyback off of the basilica form. “Constantine and church officials looked to secular public buildings, and the type they selected was the basilica” (Roth, 280). The Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem is just one example of numerous churches built off of this form. It was ordered by Constantinople to be built as “a basilica more beautiful than any on earth” (Roth, 284). Though it was formed as a basilica, it was used as a church in the rise of Christianity. To this day, architecture styles still incorporate the use of precedents. For example, the dome on the Pantheon became a precedent for multiple governmental buildings across the country. Used in my precedent analysis project, Grand Central Terminal was used a precedent internationally in terms of influencing train stations. In the continuation of passageway, each model was intended to provide inspiration for the next, to the point where we are using our own models, as well as a precedent in history, to create a 3-D portal for a door. This process of precedent is gradient in that there is a continuation of development over time.</div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">PRESENCE: The fact or condition of being present; the space immediately around a person; the bearing of a person</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 287px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrGd5t8LiC_AP21wb5t-mv8Eekqud-eYikAv1lVTwfISnQ5PQvq2WgUetnayzmQ7Ifn2FAE_IxE2FVfdQ8NiDqfm2pTYTfiuGXhKEfUGKrrMBUF9kt2EIYgT2IjoNkJf09mQit5dbbtamY/s320/2_hagia_sofia_belulrol.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306752475582850802" /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://image.dashofer.hu/upload/epitinfo/2_hagia_sofia_belulrol.jpg">Hagia Sophia</a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>Along with precedent, the presence of style in history makes way for new styles. There would be no development without existence. For example, the presence of the Greek orders provided for column development. The existence of Roman Basilicas gave way to the development of Christian churches. Presence is also important in a sense of delight. In order for a building to be what it is intended (whether it’s meant to be mysterious, inviting, avoiding) it must obtain a certain presence. Usually this desired presence is delight. Designers want the people who will be using the space to be delighted by its presence. The church of Hagia Sophia contains this aspect of delight. On page 290, Roth explains how the design of this church is associated with the fusion of empire and church. “Unlike the static an rationally perceivable forms and spaces of classical architecture, here all seems in motion, surfaces curving and intersecting, bathed in a mystical, suffused light issuing from the hundreds of windows and reflecting from marbled walls and mosaics” (Roth 290). “…All these details […] produce a single and most extraordinary harmony in the work, yet do not permit the spectator to linger much over the study of any one of them, but each detail attracts the eye and draws it on irresistibly to itself” (Procopius quoted by Roth, 291). This presence provides the utmost respect for worship and Christianity, as well as an enjoyable space for those in worship.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">DUALITY: Having a double character or nature</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxTHbDftwY2gDVYVLWjnEQwTZjv9RzfRIU1coNZ60Xk5_wXK87Jjnmj_KZ7pikPIPk-lF0EnctZrKll_ifWOiy-036gdFDtW20S_m-RxQhRaY2JVVTx4zOjCAU0BeoXH6O7kokCYLDVy2t/s320/passageway+moment+1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306818762008067634" /></span></div><div>Though Webster seems to believe that duality has to do with double, I beg to differ. When I think of duality, I think “more than one” or “multiple”. If a design is successful, it will serve more than one purpose. It will follow commodity, firmness AND delight. It will be universally designed so that it will accommodate the present and the future, man and woman, both young and old, etc. An early example of this duality is the bath. These baths provide changing rooms, </div><div>gymnasiums, libraries, meeting rooms, theaters, concert halls, and so much more. Though these baths are not all incorporated into one building, they provide an organized metric for a specific community, and serve multiple purposes. They accommodate social and physical needs (entertainment and exercise), they are built with a structure that accommodates the people (33 acres inside a 20 foot wall (Roth, 269)), and they are delightful in that they are not only physically enjoyable, but also visually. Most baths are made with mosaic floors and marble facades. This way, they are easy to wash and maintain. In our process of creating a passageway, we discovered that each passageway made to represent one word (rhythm, proximity, contrast, symmetry, balance, boundary, pos/neg. space, hierarchy, gradient) actually resembled multiple words. Why? These words all go together. For example, I made a staircase for the word </div><div>“symmetry”, however, this staircase also incorporated rhythm in its direction, as well as balance in its similarity on both sides. The ability for a design to obtain more than one of these aspects is what makes it influential, not to mention it allows for change within a space.<br /><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">MOMENT: a minute portion of time; a time of excellence; consequence, significant</span></div><div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixYX-nvXMEjUeeHAlj0VhH3L1_OIYDfviUCPjI6Q9PFyMEa8BqGFoyZqEDZzZaW8NJmhFgZOf_lFXKbd3rc5F7XxElyUZRs5pppbWXOyOoqnUdiKVqH_rjYZZO1vUwrqxhJkTyEbfGn7zy/s320/mossman-+moment+3.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306749735660614562" /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTImDE8b147kDBC_xVj0aaZt9eeSQ3O_0ffXIc4baI-rikt5QDsGu3QrMCkdfySIJ9jsIEaaXzp55mszW5hxpWgX01oRQWejmNtawQYprj9l63hXaPvfO8cRd-ua4FRrz3v2791O52YFtc/s320/mossman-+moment+2.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306749730650900226" /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 233px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxjNM6SKen-uZyZ64ih0BNoCfKsDGRUQ1xFAW1H35BErJj6wKRgJDR6eHjxtcFebvj3HuLDNDMII9CTfmNNcDOiwStFgNVKKyUg9ONyUZWZQx1816EQ6GSd1wGVyfkI26Hxm8oyJJYfBXW/s320/mossman-+moment+1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306749725832083298" />Moments create intimacy in design. They celebrate the excellence and success of a design. There are certain moments in design where the layout of a space becomes incredibly successful, and these moments are where the incorporated elements are obvious; where there is a sense of delight. Churches create moments for people to worship; these moments are crucial in religion. In the church of Santa Costanza this moment is in the circle. This circle creates a connection between heaven and earth. It provides a space in which people can worship to an altar, which is in the middle of the circle, raised on a platform. Baths create moments for people to be entertained; these moments are crucial in society. In the Baths of Diocletian, these moments happen during the enjoyment of each amenity, whether it’s in the gymnasiums, or the libraries or the theatres. These moments tell stories in that they tell how a space is being experienced. Each moment is linked by an aspect of design. In drawing class we were asked to choose 5 thumbnail drawings of a building that represent moments. I chose the places in the building where people walked or sat, or stood and had a conversation. These moments are crucial in the experience of a space.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The main focus of our other design classes (not so much history) has been this idea of creating a moment using duality. We spoke about numerous aspects of design and divided these aspects into nine categories: <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">(1) Boundaries, (2) Positive and Negative Space, (3) Rhythm, (4) Balance, (5) Symmetry, (6) Contrast, (7) Gradient, (8) Hierarchy, (9) Proximity. </span>All nine of these words must be considered during the process of design. It is difficult to portray one of these words, without portraying another along with it, though it is possible to emphasize the importance of one over an other. All of these words together create a language that shapes design. The reason I have chose to speak about these in my summary is because I believe that they connect directly with all of the words above. These words create a metric or a system, and also require measurement in order to be effective. A precedent can be used in order to develop a further knowledge of these words. For example, one could look up a word from the list above, and click on images, and oftentimes a building or a space will appear in at least 5 of these images. This is because these words are important aspects of design and architecture. All of these words are important in creating a sense of delight or presence. Without these words, there is not much organization, and therefore the design is less successful. There is a duality in design when one of these words is incorporated, because with one of these concepts, comes another concept. The most obvious example of this is the interaction between symmetry and balance. If something is symmetrical, it is the same on both sides. This means that the visual or actual weight is the same on both sides, creating a balance. Last but not least, these words are what create moments. If something is contrasted in a design, it is often a strong contrast, and therefore creates a moment in the attention that it attracts. If there is an obvious difference between the uses of positive and negative space, that will be where the moment is. The interior architecture professors have put so much emphasis on this language this past week, that I couldn’t ignore the use of them in my blog. I noticed this importance in all of my previous projects, as well as those that I am working on now, and therefore, I must tie them together with this theme of voices, and the way that a design speaks to the people experiencing a space.<br /><br /></div></div></div>Chttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11540377262866875054noreply@blogger.com1